Violence Against Women Act :: essays research papers

The Violence Against Women Act creates a right to be "free from crimes of violence" that are gender motivated. It also gives a private civil right of action to the victims of these crimes. The Senate report attached to the act states that "Gender based crimes and fear of gender based crimes...reduces employment opportunities and consumer spending affecting interstate commerce." Sara Benenson has been abused by her husband, Andrew Benenson, since 1978. Because of this abuse, she sued her husband under various tort claims and violations under the Violence Against Women Act. Now Mr. Benenson is protesting the constitutionality of this act claiming that Congress has no right to pass a law that legislates for the common welfare. However, Congress has a clear Constitutional right to regulate interstate commerce. This act is based solely on interstate commerce and is therefore Constitutional. Because of abuse, Sara Benenson was afraid to get a job because it would anger her husband. She was afraid to go back to school and she was afraid to go shopping or spend any money on her own. All three of these things clearly interfere and affect interstate commerce. Women like Mrs. Benenson are the reason the act was passed. There has been a long history of judgements in favor of Congress's power to legislate using the commerce clause as a justification. For the past fifty years, Congress's right to interpret the commerce clause has been unchallenged by the Court with few exceptions. There is no rational reason for this court to go against the powerful precedents set by the Supreme court to allow Congress to use the Commerce clause. In the case of Katzenbach v. McClung, the Court upheld an act of Congress which was based on the commerce clause, that prohibited segregation. McClung, the owner of a barbeque that would not allow blacks to eat inside the restaurant, claimed that his business was completely intrastate. He stated that his business had little or no out of state business and was therefore not subject to the act passed by Congress because it could not legislate intrastate commerce. The Court however, decided that because the restaurant received some of it's food from out of state that it was involved in interstate commerce. The same logic should be applied in this case. Even though Sara Benenson's inability to work might not seem to affect interstate commerce, it will in some way as with McClung, thus making the act constitutional. The Supreme Court had decided that any connection with interstate commerce,as long as it has a rational basis, makes it possible for Congress to legislate it.

Karl Marx - Capitalist Alienation Essay -- Socialism Communism Labor

A century and a half ago, Karl Marx established a theory that today is known as the backbone to modern socialism and communism. Marx viewed the early capitalism of his own day as inherently exploitive. At the core of capitalist production is what is considered surplus value, the value left over after the producer (in Marx’s case, factory owner) had paid the fixed costs of production such as raw materials, machinery, overhead and wages. The left over amount was kept as profit, a profit that Marx saw that was earned from the sweat of the labor. Derived from his idea of surplus value was that of alienation. Marx gave an economic interpretation to alienation. People were alienated from their own labor; their work was appropriated by someone else and the work itself was compulsory, not creative; the cause was capitalism, and the cure was socialism. Marx believed that modern labor is an evolution of something that began centuries ago and encompassing everything from slave states to European feudalism right on up to today’s version of commercial capitalism; which, completed or perfected the capitalist technique of worker alienation. Marx is correct in saying that capitalism exploits the working class, and that working under capitalism is in fact â€Å"alienating†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Worker alienation became an effective tool by which the capitalist could separate themselves from the laborers of their nations. The separation, however, was more to show a capitalist’s class status rather than having...

Grapes of Wrath :: essays research papers

Migrant workers went through a lot of struggles. They went through life and death situations, prejudice, and one of the most important things of all they had to keep their family and people together and keep believing that they would make it to a better life. The things they go through while immigrating change their views on life forever. Some for the good some for the bad. â€Å"They said, these god dammed okies are dirty and ignorant. They’re degenerate, sexual maniacs. They’ll steal anything. They’ve got no sense of property rights† (Steinbeck 363). One of the hardest things that immigrants went through was prejudice. Cops and towns men where always after the okies because they where dirty and didn’t have a stable home. The immigrants from Mexico experienced the same hardships. The farm owners hated them. They just wanted them to do their job and leave. The farm owners didn’t care that they had a family to feed, they wanted to screw them over and pay them as less money as they could. It’s weird how the same prejudice is still around. No matter how nice a person is if they don’t dress the same or have the same interests they are disliked. â€Å"As usual there had been violent incidents on the picket line. A union member had been run over† (Del Castillo, Garcia 84). People everyday that went on strikes put their lives on the line. They knew there was a threat when they protested. It was a life and death situation. Fight for your rights, or keep working for the minimal amount and not be able to support your family. Every immigrant has tough choices to make. In the early days they had to make life and death choices. In both stories they have strikes to give the immigrants what they deserve. In the grapes of wrath as well as Cesar Chavez, somebody dies from a strike. â€Å"The heavy club crashed into the side of his head with a dull crunch of bone, and Casy fell sideways out of the light† (Steinbeck 495). Casy died because he protested against how much money people should earn. The men came after him and the rest of the protesters. They killed them in fear of having to raise the prices. Casy was tired of working for 2 cents an hour. He could live off that. The only choice he had was to protest.

Mock Exam, English by Norwegian Student.

Mock Exam 1stc 7th of December 2012 By Gard Detlev Oksendal Task 1 1B 1. The three most important differences between the writing styles in the two texts (Appendices 2 and 4) Difference one: The biggest difference between Appendix 2 and 4 is the fact that Appendix 2 is a short novel, which we don’t know if it’s true or not compared to Appendix 4 who is an informative text with clear fact and reasoning. App 2 is taken from the book â€Å"the house on mango street†, which clearly is a novel in contrast to App 4 which is an article from Newsweek, 2011. Difference two: App 2 is written in short sentences with many stops.The text is actually written a bit mysterious way. App 4 on the other hand is a coherent text, where the message of the text is clear. Difference three: In App 4 they use real – life stories to underline their facts. In contrast, App 2 is written out of Sandra Cisneros free fantasy and thoughts. Maybe this story is based on some kind of truth, but it doesn’t say anything about it. 2. The advantages as well as the disadvantages of moving abroad, seen from a young person’s point of view. Here are some of my arguments whether I think it is a good choice or not to move abroad as a young person.As far as I can think, there are much more advantages by moving abroad as a young person, rather than not moving. I have made two lists, one with advantages the other one with disadvantages: Advantages * You learn to know other cultures, which can be really positive. Not just for the knowledge, but also the fact that you as a human really can grow by knowing and accepting foreign cultures. * Of course it depends on the place you go, but let`s say for example that you are an American, who is considering moving to Asia, there are many good reasons to do so: * Asia is the up and coming in the world these days.If you are able to communicate with them in their native language, they often go in with more will in for example a ne gotiation, or simply just a small talk, getting to know the cute girl you saw at the club last night. Another language you might want to learn is German. Germans are some of the most organized and economic people in the world. If you know their native language, most people will meet you with open arms. * When I read through Appendix 4 in the booklet you handed out, I held on to one sentence which describes the situation in the world today in a very good way.Let me quote Jim Rodgers from the text â€Å"How to Raise a Global Kid† by Lisa Miller: â€Å"The money is in the East, the Debtors are in the West. I`d rather be with the creditors than the debtors. † * Even tough, English is becoming bigger and bigger as a second-language despite the big debt problems they have in the US. 200 million Chinese Schoolchildren are studying English, and in South Korea many parents lost their temper recently. The reasoning behind was that they wanted their kids to learn English at first grade, rather than in second as they practice today. Yes, English is really important as a world language up to this date, despite the fact that Asia is growing bigger and bigger, US drowning in their enormous debt that only increases with millions each minute you read this text. So your English will definitely help you when moving abroad. * Asia is just an advice to where you could move, but there are many different places you can go. So my advice to the youth out there who is considering moving abroad: Go for it! Disadvantages: * One of the disadvantages by moving abroad as young is the fact that you don’t get as much safety as you would get growing up in your own country.On some children, this can make a huge impact and even damage to them later in life. * Other cultures may get a bit too exotic, crazy and alien in some ways. You can get shocked; some are able handle it and even learn from it, some people are definitely not. So if you are a bit weak, a bit afraid of the u nknown and other cultures, maybe you should consider it two times before moving abroad. * If you come to another country and don’t know the language, it can be a huge problem. You can’t assimilate and feel as comfortable as in your home country.You don’t get included in the community and you can feel a bit alone at school etc. * Another concern is the money. If your trip goes wrong, something happens, you may be loose a year of school and lots of money. Is it worth taking the risk? * Earlier today, I saw an example of how difficult it could be coming to another country, another culture. The movie â€Å"Bend it like Beckham† by Gruinder Chadha impart this in a beautiful and touching way. And for any of you who haven’t seen it, I’d like to recommend it strongly. Task 2 2BThere are two main historical reasons of why English is the most wide – spoken language today. The first reason is the power of the US – not only in terms of war and economics, but also technology, movies, the internet and science. The other reason is the time where Queen Elisabeth 1st (1558 – 1603) and her England conquered the world. She established a global colonial empire, and introduced English as a world language. English is today the language which by far is the most used as a lingua franca. In more than 60 countries English is the official second language, but that is not the whole truth.The world today is very much based on the internet, and more than 80% of the information stored on computers around the world is in English. Despite the fact that 350 million people use English as their first language today, it is by far not the most spoken first language. However, English today is the most important language in the world because of the simple fact that almost â€Å"everyone† knows a few worlds in English. I can’t stress it enough; English is by far the most important language today. Mandarin is really catching up, but English is still dominant. Mandarin is almost explicit used in China, and not so much as a lingua franca.The biggest factor of why English is as dominant as it is must be the internet. The internet is very much based on English. And the world is based on the internet. I addition to this, it is also used in many other important arenas. My task today is to present to you some of these arenas. * When it comes to business and matters of trade, the English language is really important. By studying English through a respected old school like Cambridge or Oxford, you can expect to be able to easily handle emails, memos, contracts, agreements and other resembling themes.The matter of fact is that when you have an education In English, you are more likely to easy pursue a to a business career. * Probably the greatest advantage of studying English would be in job matters. People who can speak English fluently, In addition to speak their native language are extremely attracted by compa nies of many types, especially the international ones. Courses with at least some quality in it, offer their students the opportunity to improve job prospects, the opportunity to communicate with others as well as the access to information all around the world. Another arena where English can be very useful is when movies or TV-shows. Most of the films made today are made in English, at least the ones from Hollywood. Understanding the plot will be much easier when knowing English. Subtitles in Norwegian or other languages can sometimes cause the meanings of words to be lost in the translation, and they can be a distraction to the action taking place on the screen. In addition to this, movies in other languages are often subtitled by English. * The fourth arena where English very much can be useful is when traveling.Most workers in the tourist line of business know at least a couple words English. From that platform it is much easier to communicate with other people when travelling. * Concerning the education arena, English is not only useful, it is almost necessary to know at bit English. According to the Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training, there are more than 800 courses taught in English, just at the University of Oslo. There are lots of books in Norwegian. However, in college or university many of the books you have to read are written in English.According to the book â€Å"Gateways† by Eva Ulven and Audun Raugset two thirds of the world scientific findings are published in English. * The last thing I want to mention is that many manuals are written in English. Let`s say that you have bought a new TV for 30  000 dollars from America, and you don’t understand the manual, it will take a lot more effort and time to get your TV working. The world today is very much based around the mass – media, and most of the mass – media is written, spoken or sung in English. Yes, I repeat; sung. One of the main factors influencing us is the music.American rappers dominate the hit- lists today, and if anyone is even close to their dominance it must be the Englishmen. They aren’t just on the hit lists in their own country, but also in foreign countries like Norway. Another factor is that the community of YouTube and the social media such as Twitter, Instagram and Facebook are very much based on – and ruled by the English language and culture. Parallel to the growth of the internet, the power and importance of English is increasing every minute. In my eyes, Norway is one of the countries who are the most influenced by the American culture.We have taken lots of different American traditions, and made them ours. For example Halloween and Valentine’s Day are American traditions we are practicing here in Norway. I my opinion, that is really sad. Before kids used to go â€Å"julebukk†, but now a days people just don’t do â€Å"Julebukk† anymore – just because Hallowee n and other American traditions have taken over. American music is also really big in Norway, and artists like Eminem, Wiz Khalifa and Rihanna is what most of the Norwegian youth enjoy listening to. Gaming and internet is big part of our Norwegian community, and both are very much based on English.The two most played videogames in Norway, Call of Duty: Black Ops 2 and FIFA 13 are both on English, and have to say that I have learned much English from it myself. In Norway, people watch TV-series a lot, and most of them are in English. Most of them with Norwegian subtitles, but again the fact that they even showcase American series show us how important English is in Norway. So my conclusion based on what I have written, thought and read goes like this: English today is by far the most important language in the world, concerning business, travelling, education, culture and much, much more.However, languages like Mandarin and Indian is starting to catch up, just because of the simple ma tter of fact that the Chinese and Indian are increasing rapidly when speaking of population.. On the other hand, English is still increasing, just because of the western pop-culture. All the things I have mentioned – all the things we base our international community are based – and ruled by English. English is the dominant language in the world today, and I think it will be continuing as consistent as it is today at the top for many, many years in the future.

Analyzing Stylistic Choices Essay

Precise generators make linguistic choices to pretend current forces. They want to permit their commentators respond in a certain way. Go back through the text and try Krakauers use of countersignatures, sentences, and carve ups, and take demarcation as to how makeive a economizer he is.Analyzing Chapters 810ParagraphsIn the first part of Chapter 8, Krakauer quotes Alaskans who had opinions roughly McCandless and his death.1. wherefore does Krakauer cite these letters? How does citing them add up to or detract from the text?2. Choose star of these letters, and respond to it, explaining the degree to which you stop or disagree.T championKrakauer inserts himself into the layer in Chapter 8.3. Does this give birth him much credibility?4. Do you escort this annoying? wherefore or wherefore non?Analyzing Chapters 1113A few pages into Chapter 13, Krakauer lines McCandlesss sisters behavior when she was told slightly her brformer(a)s death.5. wherefore does he us e the word keening instead of crying?6. What ar the denotations and connotations of this word? What is its history?SentencesRe glance over aloud the penultimate split in Chapter 13, where Krakauer omnipotently tells Billies grief.7. Rephrase the paragraph and simplify it in your own words.8. What makes Krakauers description (quoted below) flop? It is all she can do to absorb herself to examine the fuzzy snapshots. As she studies the pictures, she breaks rectify from time to time, weeping as completely a m other(a) who has let out snuff itd a sister can weep, betraying a sense of difference so huge and irreparable that the foreland balks at taking its measure.Such bereavement, witnessed at close range, makes blush the most silver-tongued apologies for high-risk activities ring fatuous and hollow.Analyzing Chapters 14 and 15WordsKrakauer uses expert expression related to passel put oning in these two chapters. Investigate the meaning technical words you dont k dir ectly. What is the effect of these words on the call forer?Summarizing and RespondingChapters 1-7 describe McCandlesss journey and death. Chapters 8-15 try to install McCandlesss life in a larger context by analyze him to other people other wanderers, his family, and the reservoir of the admit. Look over your notes and annotations and answer the pursual questions. Write your answers in your note appropriate1. How does McCandless equation with the other wanderers Krakauer describes? In what shipway is McCandless homogeneous? In what ways is he distinguishable? Do we understand McCandless better afterwards making these comparisons?2. Krakauer and others switch speculated that McCandless was estranged from his family because of his blood with his father. What was his family life like? Does it explain his posterior behavior?3. Krakauer clearly feels a gruelling club to McCandless. Do you commend they were real similar? wherefore or wherefore not? In what ways is this book as much some Krakauer as it is about McCandless?4. Taking your notes and your answers to the above questions into account, release a short paragraph respondent the quest question Who was Chris McCandless?Thinking criticallyRhetorical solicitations ar the accepted ways in which we act upon or make out a vitrine. The following questions testament give-up the ghost you through more traditional rhetorical appeals. By focusing on appeals to the redeemr, to emotion, and to logic, you testament be able to discover how Krakauer has persuaded us and how you can use these techniques to persuade others when you write or speak.Questions about Logic (Logos)1. Krakauer summarizes the repartee to his article by saying, The prevailing Alaska apprehension held that McCandless was simply one and only(a) more moonlit half-cocked greenhorn who went into the country expecting to find answers to all his problems and instead found only mosquitos and a lonely death (72). HasKrakauer made the case that the prevailing Alaska wisdom is wrong? Why or wherefore not?2. At the end of Chapter 9, Krakauer describes Irish monastics known as the papar who sought out lonely places so much that they left Iceland for Greenland when whatsoever Norwegians showed up because they thought that it had become too crowded, til now though the land was nearly uninhabited. Krakauer writes, yarn of these monks, one cannot help thinking of Everett Reuss and Chris McCandless (97). Krakauer implies that thither is some kind of similarity between Reuss, McCandless, and the papar, but instead of making a specific connection, he just says one cannot help thinking of. Is this a cheeseparing argument? Why or why not?3. Krakauer argues in Chapter 14 that McCandlesss death was unintended and was a painful accident (134). Does the book so farthermost support that position? Do you agree with Krakauer? Why or why not?4. Look for other claims that Krakauer makes that might be weak or unsuppo rted. What are they?Questions about the Writer (Ethos)5. Chapters 14 and 15 describe Krakauers successful attempt when he was 23 years old to climb the Devils Thumb, a mountain in Alaska. He also describes what he thinks are parallels between McCandless and himself. Do these chapters increment his credibility for writing this book, or do they undermine his credibility by making it seem like he has his own agenda and is not objective?Questions about Emotions (Pathos)6. Chapters 11-13 are about McCandlesss relationships with his family. Do any of these descriptions cause an emotional respondion in the reader? If so, what is it about the descriptions that causes this connection? Is it the words? Is it that we identify with the family situations? Do these effectsmake the book more powerful? Explain your answer.7. Chapters 14-15 describe the causalitys actions and his emotional and psychological state as he climbs the mountain. For example, when he accidentally fire a big hole in h is tent, which actually be dours to his father, he is more stressed about his fathers reaction than the cold. What are some other dilate that have an emotional impact on the readers? How do these affect you as the reader?Reading (Chapters 16-18, Plus epilog)Reading for thought First ReadingAs you read this section of the text, go for your notes, questions, and observations in your Into the kooky notebook. Continue to keep track of the literary quotations that Krakauer uses in his epigraphs. Because you are studying McCandlesss personality to discover why he made the decisions he did, continue to keep a log of McCandlesss personality traits.Reading Chapters 1618 Into the Alaskan Wild1. after a long detour, Krakauer brings us back to the scene of McCandlesss death. What does Krakauer discuss in these chapters that he did not discuss in the previous chapters? Why did he delay presenting this information?2. Krakauer provides a lot of quotations from McCandlesss journal in these ch apters. What is McCandless talking about? Why did Krakauer let in these selections?3. Krakauer quotes one of McCandlesss friends, who said that McCandless was natural into the wrong century. He was give earing for more adventure and freedom than todays society gives people (174). Do you think this is true?Reading the epilogue regret4. What was your initial sense of McCandlesss psychical condition compared to what you think now? take in you changed your mind?5. What was your reaction to his parents as they visited the motorcoach?Considering the Structure of the TextMapping out the organizational structure of the text helps us to understand the content itself.Outlining Chapters 16181. In Chapter 16, Krakauer gives a summary of the depart few months of McCandlesss life. Do you think Krakauer applauds McCandless or not? Cite your cause.2. In Chapter 17, Krakauer does not arrive at the sight until after about four-spot pages. In those first pages, he gives us the flesh out of the equipment he carries, the flow of the river, and the others with him. Is this necessary? What does it add? What does it detract?3. Krakauer says that McCandless had a kind of single logic. Explain Krakauers meaning and the design to which you agree or disagree with him.Outlining the EpilogueThis part of the book is very short.4. What is the effect of having an epilogue that focuses entirely on the parents lead to the wad? Does it provide closure? pen and Questioning the TextOur first nurture of a book gives us the story line, the major conflicts, and a sense of what the author intends. The second (or third) reading providesricher analyses and a deeper intellect of the text.In the authors notes, Krakauer provides a guide to our readingespecially to our later(prenominal) reading of Into the Wild.In the Authors Note at the beginning of the book, Krakauer introduces the complexness of Chris McCandless. His words imply the following four questions, which we have been consider ing throughout the book1. Should we admire McCandless for his courage and noble thinkings?2. Was he a reckless idiot?3. Was he loony?4. Was he an arrogant and stupid narcissist?Make marginal notes as you read the text. When you respond to the chapter questions, cite the text, if necessary, where you find demo for your judgments. At this point in your reading, have your answers to these questions changed in any way? annotate Chapters 16185. List the various miscalculations and mistakes McCandless made.6. Toward the end of Chapter 16, Krakauer tells us that McCandless read Walden. You may want to take a look at Thoreaus text and determine up out what Chris found most evoke in Thoreaus discussion of food.7. own you ever fasted? Do you know anyone who has? Do some research on abstemiousness and report to the class what you find or write a short report.annotating the EpilogueThe traditional definition of an epilogue is that it is a concluding part of a literary work.8. Is Int o the Wild a literary work? Why or why not?9. Is the last paragraph of the book an hard-hitting ending to the book? Why or why not?Analyzing rhetorical ChoicesAnalyzing Stylistic Choices helps you see the linguistic and rhetorical choices writers make to inform or influence readers.Precise writers make linguistic choices to wee certain effects because they want their readers to react in a certain way. Go back through the text, and analyze Krakauers use of words, sentences, and paragraphs. Then decide how effective his writing is.Analyzing Chapters 1618 aspectRead aloud the last paragraph in Chapter 18.1. How does Krakauer know that McCandless was at peace, tranquil as a monk asleep(p) to God? Explain.2. Does Krakauer have the refine to reckon from the photograph that McCandless had the serenity of a monk?3. What is an alternative interpretation of the photograph?Analyzing the EpilogueRead aloud the last paragraph of the book.4. Is the language literary? Why or why not? What is its effect on you?Thinking CriticallyRhetorical appeals are the accepted ways in which we persuade or argue a case. The following questions will consider the traditional rhetorical appeals. By focusing on the appeal to logic, to the writer, and to emotion, you will understand further how Krakauer has persuaded us and how you can use these techniques to persuade others when you write or speak.Questions about Logic (Logos)1. In Chapter 16, Krakauer says that McCandless seemed to have moved beyond his fill to assert so adamantly his autonomy, his train to separate himself from his parents. Maybe he was brisk to forgive their imperfections maybe he was even prepared to forgive some of his own. McCandless seemed prompt, perhaps, to go home. Do you agree with Krakauers estimate?2. Look at McCandlesss rejoinder to several passages in Tolstoys Family gaiety toward the end of Chapter 16He was right in saying that the only certain happiness in life is to live for others . . . I have lived through much, and nowI think I have found what is needed for happiness. A serene secluded life in the country, with the surmise of being useful to people to whom it is flabby to do good, and who are not change to have it done to them then work which one hopes may be of some use then rest, nature, books, music, love for ones neighborsuch is my idea of happiness. And then, on top of all that, you for a mate, and children, perhapswhat more can the stub of a man desire. (169)Does this indicate a change in McCandless? Was he ready to go home?3. Krakauer says that in his pilot film article, he reported with great consequence that H. mackenzii, the wild sweet pea, killed the boy (192). He now feels he was wrong. What evidence does he have for his new position?4. Does Krakauer turf out his hypothesis that McCandlesss death was an unplanned accident?Questions about the Writer (Ethos)5. What is your motion-picture show of Krakauer as a person and a writer at this point? What a re some of the details that give you this tone?Questions about Emotions (Pathos)6. Does this piece affect you emotionally? Which parts?Summarizing and RespondingIn Chapter 18, Krakauer reports that some cabins stocked with with food and emergency gear were situated about three hours upstream from the bus where McCandless died. However, after McCandless had been found dead, a wildlife biologist in the area discovered that the cabins had been vandalized. He said,Im a oblige technician, so I know what impart damage looks like. This looked like somebody had kaput(p) at the cabins with a claw lb and bashed everything in sight. From the size of the fireweed evolution up through mattresses that had been tossed outside, it was clear that the vandalism had occurred many weeks earlier. (196)Some people blamed McCandless, saying that he was angry that purification had intruded into his wilderness. Others said that there was no evidence that McCandless had even walked that way. Consid ering everything you know about McCandlesshis journey, his character, his ideasdo you think that he was capable of trashing these cabins? After reading this book, do you knowMcCandless well enough to know whether or not he would do this? Write a paragraph in your notebook about your thoughts.Reflecting on Your Reading Process1. there is still so much terra incognita about Chris McCandless and his journey. What do you want to get word next?2. What reading strategies did you use or learn in this module? Which strategies will you use in reading other texts? How will these strategies apply in other classes?3. In what ways has your ability to read and discuss texts like this one modify?

How Communication With Children And Young Essay

Children at divers(prenominal) ages require different levels of attention, new-fangleder children pass on consume more support which would mean more corporal support, as children get older they need do with explaining and discussing their thoughts and issues they may collapse. When lecturinging to different ages of children your vocabulary testament need to change as puppyisher children habit understand you if you were to handling big words, so excellent and roll in the haydid words would need to be used, as children get older turning into young state your vocabulary would develop more. Children and young people who may have talkal difficulties would need a consentaneous different approach in the way you talk to them and the way they may legislate back.Some children and young people may be shy and chill out which would effect the way you would communicate with them, you need to alter and respect how different children and young people argon and their bear indi vidual needs. Some children and young people have a stammer or some other type of speech disorder, when the child or young person are talking to you, you need to turn them time to talk, never butt in to endeavor and complete what they are utter you have to be patient and understand their speech disorder, if you try and belt them it will tho make things worse as the child or young person will feel anxious and may find it harder to communicate with you.Working with children or young people who have special educational needs, you may need additive training such as sign style or makaton to help with communication. Myself and the other staff use makaton in school, which is a big part of communication towards the pupils The reason why makaton is used within the surround of special needs is that it is made up of simple words and signs, makaton is used for all ages who have study difficulties, sign language is used for the deaf and it has its own vocabulary which is why it wouldnt be capture for the different age ranges who have learning difficulties it would be to hard tograsp.In my school the pupils use pecs book which are made up of pictures that they can relate to. The pecs books are all pictures and a i want picture so when they involve something at snack some children will head teacher to i want and then to what they have chosen to have for snack, but some children will only pick out what picture they want bid a apple and they will put it into my hand, i will then respond by saying the childs name wants apple advantageously talking followed by giving the child a piece of apple. Some children use these pecs books at home to help with communication. Picture symbols are shown and assumption to the pupils on every transition, if for instance we were going to PE thither would be two picture symbols on a schedule they would be a picture of a classroom and of PE, this shows them that after PE it is back to the classroom. This is such a great way o f communication.

Euglena Research Paper

The emergence of gived pee on addition of Euglena body of irrigate is a right habitat for many a(prenominal) beings. The art littleness of wet has substantive effect on aquatic beingness (Walter, 2008). The fixture of body of piddle assure could favour for the maturement of wiz trus tworthy being, exactly less elevate for early(a) organisms that masterminds to the competing kayoed some a nonher(prenominal) organism by copiousness of opt bingle . So, the topic goes to lessen of wet supply biodiversity. irrigate environmental science, which studies on the interaction mingled with of biotic and abiotic factors to the development of organism in urine, is overly alpha in pasture to pull finished the ecosystem balance.In our ingest, we pore on how the run (nitro, phosphorus) personal personal effects on the universes of water system organisms. Euglena is the mixotrophic which could implication muscularity from photosynthesis, besides in addition could earn the solid regimen to pass zero (Robert. et al, 2012). From the trophic peculiarity of Euglena, my speculation for this study was the creation of Euglena would plus in the ample sow in surround. The rule for my dead reckoning was Euglena could ask the feed to engender got energy, so the deep course surroundings was a trade pricey descent for offshoot and education of Euglena, thats wherefore their race would development by m.The water from American river was serene for our try. We mold up trinitysome diametric ecosystems for organisms in three unalike seismic disturbances verify, give awayset feed and steep run surroundings. starting signal river water was added to the sway, thus organisms was added and the diametrical tour of inseminate was regularize croak to divert bump around. We were helped to mention individually organism under(a) microscope. forwards adding organism to ecosystems, reckoning sam ple had been by. The sample distri only whenion was d 1 all workweek by dint of with(predicate) with(predicate) 3 weeks.After 3 weeks, the number of organisms of Euglena and early(a) heterotrophic in for each one ecosystem was employ to plat graphs and analysis. The nation of Euglena in mark motive join on in front two weeks, and and so it drop-offd. In the natural depression and risque give embodiment the universe of discourse of Euglena was in truth miserable and at the unvaried subsequently 3 weeks. ( design 1) My theory was non back up from result. Euglena macrocosm in the laid-back prey jar didnt improver as we predicted. In contrast, the world of Euglena in the control jar increase. From our observed, on that point were immense of jet-propelled plane algae in the preyd jar.This observe was matched with the command that the senior lavishly numerate of nitro and phosphor could lead to the go of unripe alga, and the mettlesome inter section of unripe algae could manage out early(a) organism in the water (N, 1999). viridity alga cover on the fold of the jar that stamp down the photosynthesis of Euglena. accordingly(prenominal) new(prenominal) promontory was asked, Euglena could consume the provender to perform energy, nevertheless why their community didnt increase in the plenteous alimentary environment. former(a) scheme was stated by us in the full(prenominal) sow restrict the universe of early(a) heterotrophic would increase.The rationale was different heterotrophic could habituate the food rise to a greater extent employmentful than Euglena. Euglena didnt have tolerable time to transmute from photoautotroph to heterotrophic mode, so they could not use the food ascendent to branch (Hall, 1939). The minute of arc system was support when the existence of an otherwise(prenominal) heterotrophic stolon increased in rund water, and then by time, afterwards food was appl y up, the population started to decrease (figure 2). From our results, we could desist that feed which is defined as a good author for coif but could grime the water (2008) effects on the ripening of other organism.It could repair the derangement ecosystem because of the abundance of one mintage and dead of other species. So, holding water strip down is very(prenominal) all important(p) project to be concerned. come in 1 The populations of Euglena in control, scurvy eat and gamey sow environment through 3 weeks. encrypt 1 The populations of Euglena in control, starting time fecundate and tall fertilise environment through 3 weeks. catch 2 The populations of other heterotroph in control, suffering fertilize and high fertilize environment through 3 weeks Figure 2 The populations of other heterotroph in control, low fertilize and high fertilize environment through 3 weeksLiterature Cited Dodds. K. W (2008). good water ecology construct and environmental pr actise of limnology (2nd ed. ) San Francisco Elsevier. Hall, R. P. , & Schoenborn, H. W. (1939). The suspense of autotrophic alimentation in Euglena gracilis. Physiol Zool, 12(1), 76-84. Sanders, R. , & Gast, R. (2012). Bacterivory by phototrophic picoplankton and nanoplankton in frigid waters. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 82(2), 242-253. Sharply. A. N,Daniel. T &Sim. T (1999). gardening phosphorus and eutrophication. capital of the fall in States United department of Agricultural.