Mental Illness: Understanding Depression

Understanding Depression Cassie McFadden General Psychology Understanding Depression Many mental health disorders may affect one’s life to a point of not being able to function. However, one of the most common is depression which is a mental illness causing continuous lethargy, sadness, and even thoughts of suicide. Like many other health conditions, there are several possible symptoms and the disease is not exactly the same in any two people.According to the National Institute of Mental Health common symptoms include, but are not limited to sadness, anxiety, or a hollow feeling, feelings of guilt, irritability, lack of interest or participation in previous hobbies or sex, fatigue, lethargy, increased difficulty remembering or concentrating, insomnia or hypersomnia, eating too little or too much, persistent headaches or body aches. Depression can occur in anyone at any point in their life. â€Å"Most likely, depression is caused by a combination of genetic, biological, enviro nmental, and psychological factors.Depressive illnesses are disorders of the brain. Longstanding theories about depression suggest that important neurotransmitters—chemicals that brain cells use to communicate—are out of balance in depression. But it has been difficult to prove this. † (National Institute of Mental Health, 2012) Although depression is not prejudice and can occur in anyone, women are most commonly affected by the illness. â€Å"Biological, life cycle, hormonal, and psychosocial factors that women experience may be linked to women's higher depression rate.Researchers have shown that hormones directly affect the brain chemistry that controls emotions and mood. † (National Institute of Mental Health) In conclusion, depression is a very serious illness that affects many people every day. Especially for people suffering from chronic or severe depression, it may seem like there is not any hope. However, depression can be managed with proper medic ations which will promote a happier and healthier life. References * National Institute of Mental Health (2012). Depression Retrieved from http://www. nimh. nih. gov/health/publications/depression/what-causes-depression. shtml

All Summer in a Day Essay

All Summer in a Day Essay In the shorty story, All Summer in a Day, by Ray Bradbury, the author expresses a tone of enthusiasm and excitement. On the planet Venus, the sun only comes out once every seven years, and when it does, it only stays out for about two hours. Margot is a 9 year old girl who was only two years old the last time her eyes met the luminous sunlight. She has dreamt about this day ever since she made that contact, and today is finally the day that she gets to feel that warm sun beaming down on her again.Because she was so caught up in her own little creative world, dreaming about this day, Margot typically shut the rest of the world out, which included her fellow class mates. Margot’s class mates don’t like her so they pick on her, and bully her every single day, all due to Margot not wanting to play games and sing songs with them unless they have something to do with the sun coming out. As a result of their hatred for her, the students decided to loc k Margot in the closet when the teacher decides leave the room for a few minutes to prevent her from seeing the sun come out.All of the children surround the window as they know that something magnificent is about to occur. The typical rainy weather finally comes to a stop and everything becomes absolutely silent. So silent that they can hear each others presence. They can’t even hear Margot ‘s pounding on the walls of the closet doors begging to be released. As the sun at last creeps through the mist of the ugly rain clouds in the sky, the children are filled with joy and playfulness. Just then, the teacher comes back into the room and shouts â€Å"Who wants to play! All of the children race outside to play in the glorious sunlight and let the fire burn their craving bodies. Page 8 describes the terrain and environment of plant Venus at this very moment, â€Å"They stopped running and stood in the great jungle that covered Venus, that grew and never stopped growing, tumultuously, even as you watched it. It was a nest of octopi, clustering up great arms of flesh-like weed, wavering, flowering this brief spring. It was the color of rubber and ash, this jungle, from the many years without sun. It was the color of stones and white cheeses and ink, and it was the color of the moon. One girl suddenly screamed out of no where as she opened her palms to a terrifying drop of rain. This marked the childrens’ last thirty seconds of their brief, glorious spring time. When the children finally got shoved back inside in class room by the adrenaline rush of the thunderous lightening from the hideous gray sky, they remembered that Margot was still locked locked in the closet and began to feel bad as they slowly creeped open the doors to let her out. Margot had missed the chance to make her wildest dreams come true.

The impact of Pay for Performance program Assignment

The impact of Pay for Performance program - Assignment Example This essay discusses that there have been many different approaches applied before to ensure quality health care service in nursing homes. Two of the most used tools were the reimbursement system and the surveillance and enforcement system. The reimbursement system covered residential care and quality of life via payments to the providers in accordance with the standards set by the federal Nursing Home Reform Law, 1987. And surveillance and enforcement system made sure that these standards were met by the providers and if they are not, then to penalize them through penalties and fines until the deficiencies are corrected. However, for numerous reasons these systems did not prove to be effective enough in improving health care standards and simply too many residents suffered every day. Providers often complained that they were more or less underpaid to do a better job. Under these circumstances, agencies came up with ‘Pay for Performance’ program to ensure better health c are facilities by rewarding nurses and physicians according to their performances and improving the overall standard of care they’ve been providing. Pay for Performance (P4P), is a growing program that encourages health care providers to provide better health care facilities by rewarding them on the basis of their performances. The program focuses on three key features namely: participation, achievement and rewards. Participation implies that all the employees of an organization participate and contribute beyond the standard levels. Achievement stresses on reducing costs and at the same time increasing profits. It also focuses on productivity by emphasizing on group rather than individual performances. Whereas rewards are usually in the shape of cash prizes given at regular intervals based on outstanding performances (American Nurse Association, 2006). Compensation is a system of exchange. Participants are given certain targets to achieve and in return are rewarded with eithe r money or valuable assets. Compensation can be either direct or indirect. Direct compensation involves actual money given to workers and consists of base pay, incentive pay, merit pay and deferred pay whereas indirect compensation does not involve any money. Instead it includes protection programs such as health, pension, social security and other insurance services. Benefits on the other hand are the non-financial form of reimbursement offered in addition to cash salary to enrich workers’ living standards. Some of these benefits include health/medical benefits, educational assistance providing tuition reimbursements and cost of books, work/life benefits including life insurance programs, long or short term disability, cancer/critical illness plans, vision and dental coverage and most importantly retirement and pension plan for retirees since a large number of workers approach retirement every year (Report by Center of Health Program Development and Management, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 2003). Challenges associated with Pay of Performance strategy There are a number of challenges or concerns faced by the Pay for Performance strategy. The first being its potential negative impacts on nursing through its worsening documentation load. Since the program requires a lot of documentation for keeping the record, through which nursing providers are monitored and are awarded based on their performance, more than 30 percent of the allocated time is spent on documentation of their work (American Hospitals Association, 2003; Pg 2004). One also questions the validity of these documentations since according to the analysis of the Centre for Medicare Advocacy, it is typical that providers self report their data in pay for performance programs. This leads to false documentation. Another challenge that comes to mind is that institutions tend to focus entirely on specific points targeted by the schemes rather than broader aspects

Whether HSE is genuine or not in the evidence of difference in the Assignment

Whether HSE is genuine or not in the evidence of difference in the potential health hazard between workers at the two operations - Assignment Example Exposure to respiratory particles of crystalline silica is associated with several human diseases such as cancer and lung diseases. The disease risk is related to both the total dose and duration of silica exposure. Silicosis, a nodular pulmonary fibrosis, is the disease most associated with exposure to respirable crystalline silicavi. Studies have shown that exposure to crystalline silica can lead to physiological changes, disease and death. There is a reliable link between cumulative silica dust exposure and increased mortality from lung cancer. Calvert et al. found a relationship between crystalline silica exposure and rheumatoid arthritis. Meijer et al. showed significant association between exposure to concrete dust and a small lung infection. xii. There are a number of factors that influence the development of silicosis and these include size of particles, and concentration of silica particles in the air duration of exposurexiiixiv. RSAxv noted that chronic silicosis is mainly the result of long term exposure and that accelerated silicosis can develop after five to ten years of exposure. Morfeldxvi concluded that no other non-malignant health effect due to RCS is as specific and so clearly linked to RCS as silicosis. Research Questions 1. Is there any difference in the health of the workers in the two operations? 2. What associations exist, if any, between length of service and recorded health effect? These research questions will be answered through a hypothesis testing. As Dythamxvii noted, hypothesis testing is the cornerstone of scientific analysis. Tests are carried out to determine whether a stated hypothesis is correct. The hypothesis is rejected or accepted based on the P-values observed. Usually, the null hypothesis (the hypothesis that nothing is going on) is the one that is accepted or rejected based on the calculated probabilities. Most research will accept or reject a hypothesis at 95% level of confidence. Thus if the calculated p-values from a hypothesis test is less than 5% (or 0.05), we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. For this study, the alternative hypotheses for which the null hypotheses were tested were: H1: There is a difference in the health of workers in brick and tile operations. H2: There is a statistically significant association between length of service and recorded health effect. Study Methodology Primary data was collected from a sample of 65 workers randomly selected for blood testing, 38 from brick operations and 27 from tile operations. The study collected data on their identity, the sectors in which they worked, the length of service of each employee, their ages, and health. Following Dythamxviii, the first hypothesis was tested using independent samples t-test since the data was unpaired and the dependent variable was a continuous variable. Minitab 16 was used to perform a two-sample t-test to assess whether there were any differences in the health of workers in the two operations. The existence of association between length of service and recorded health effect was assessed using the Pearson’s product-moment correlation. Descriptive Results Descriptive results are presented and show the number of observations (N), mean, standard deviation, minimum values, first quartile (Q1), median, third quartile (Q3), maximum values, skewness and kurtosis. The normality tests are also shown together with the descriptive results. These are graphically presented for the three main variables of the study namely age (years), length of service (years), and % of damaged cells. Figure 1: Descriptive

Political science project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Political science project - Essay Example Social and Political effects of IMF Both IIMF and World have played an imperative role in shaping the political, social and economic environments of India, especially with the knowledge that India has been one of the developing countries with unstable environments. In this regard, with the IMF and the World Bank, both the social and political environments of India have been profoundly impacted. Scholars assert that India has received more benefits than losses from the International Financial Institutions. This is because; it is notable that India’s economy has improved since the two institutions came into action. Still, others state that the World Bank created more harm than good by reducing the Indian Economic growth rate (Mishra, 2012). However, one of the notable impacts of World Bank on the Indian economic and social environment is poverty alleviation. Statistics show that so far India has borrowed a total of US$ 65.8 billion from the World Bank. This played a key role to India since it assisted in funding its projects (Kumar, 2012). Needless to say, the funds provided were used in projects such as development of the infrastructure, rural development and social improvements among the citizens. The living standards of Indians have been improved since the poverty level has been reduced. ... Arguably, IMF also plays an extremely significant role in the Indian political and economic environments through a number of ways. This is mainly by providing economic assistance in terms of funding the government projects in the country. In addition, the IMF also provides consultancy services to the country in policy making. Kumar (2012) asserts that these policy making services have had a substantial impact on India’s political and social economy. This is because; with better policies in the country, cases of corruption are reduced and there is political integrity. In addition, borrowed funds will be utilized efficiently and thus there will be overall growth among the citizens (Eiras, 2003). Another social impact that has been observed is the improvement of the health of the citizens. A report by Kumar (2012) about the effects of IMF on India showed that, due to lack of food and other necessities the country suffered from health problems. In addition, a report given in the y ear 2007 showed that most children of the poor families in India were born while suffering from malnutrition (Mishra, 2012). This is because, the pregnant mothers had not been well fed during their maternity periods. With funding from the IMF and the World Bank, the country can provide food assistance to the poor families and thus, promoting the health of many of the citizens (Mishra, 2012). Cases of food starvation in the country have also been reduced, thus impacting the society positively since cases of theft or tribal clashes have reduced. This is a serious social effect in India since it promotes peace and stability in the country. In reference to Lagarde (2012), the World Bank and the IMF have positive effects

Biostatistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biostatistics - Essay Example 2012, p. 772). Here, the P value is greater than 0.05, and yet the authors say that the differences were not significant. However, the statement means that the evidence presented in the case was not strong enough to consider that the means were different. i. Number of pregnancies is discrete or discontinuous variable. This is because for the subjects to be included in the study they had to be pregnant. Pregnancy takes a distinct value because one is either pregnant or not. ii. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) measured in [whole] millimetres (mm) is a continuous variable because it is a mean of the distances from the cento enamel junction and the center of the pocket. The distances can take on any numerical values hence are continuous variable. a) Mean of maternal age of women with preeclampsia in the sample is a true reflection of the population. This is because the sample mean age and standard deviation are equal to the population mean age and standard deviation. This shows that the population is normally distributed and is in line with some of the assumptions that are prerequisites for accurate statistics (Lomax 2007). b) The most likely maternal age of a woman with preeclampsia drawn at random is 28.5 years. This is because in a normal distribution, the mean, mode, and the median are the same value (Lomax 2007). If the mean of the population is 28.5 years, it implies that the mode and median are also 28.5 years. Therefore, there are high chances that a woman drawn at random from the population is 28.5 years, which is the mode of the population. c) It is expected that 95% of the population lie between the age of 19.5 and 37.5 years. The empirical rule states that in a normal distribution, almost all values lie within 3 standard deviations of the mean (Grafarend 2006). About 68% lie within one standard deviation, 95% within two standard deviations, and 99% within three standard deviations. It follows that 95% of the population lie

Information technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Information technology - Essay Example In hiring employees into an organization, the human resource department sets out a number of recruitment criteria. The employees hired in an organization are therefore determined to be the best for performing the specific roles. One key recruitment criteria of recruitment demanded by every human resource manager is relative knowledge relevant to the operations of the department. This is normally sought in the form of a college or university degree. However, after recruitment into the organization employees require effective orientation that is later followed by the requirement of on job training and the provision for continuous development. On job training and opportunities for development once in the company take the form periodic seminars and provision for study leaves. Such programs serve a number of functions in the realization of the organization’s objectives. Such programs motivate employees a factor that if implemented effectively results in highly motivated employees who in turn are very productive. Such opportunities make employees feel valued and acknowledged by their employer, they thus revamp their morale by increasing their out put level. Additionally, such programs retain employee relevance while at the organization. Knowledge changes and so are the means of production. To increase productivity, an organization needs to change its means of production and these may at times a change of the entire technology. A change in technology and means of production requires effective understanding of its operation. This therefore makes on job training and continuous development through studies more important. Some managers may prefer hiring newer employees with every new technology. While this may sound more effective, the cost of implementing such a policy may overwhelm the organization. Furthermore, it demoralizes employees thereby decreasing productivity. Commercial organizations exist in societies; this

What Business Is Zara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

What Business Is Zara - Essay Example The essay "What Business Is Zara" investigates Zara business model. GAP introduces new line clothing not regularly but approximate once in a year. This is during periods when its sales are high. Sales are high about thirteen weeks a year during the back to school/ work and holiday periods. GAP, Inc does not manufacture its clothes: it is a retailer company sourcing its clothes from various factories. GAP makes its money majorly through sales and partly through return on assets and debt. Its financial performance is given by financial ratios which include; return on sales, leverage ratio, solvency ratio and liquidity ratios. Zara business model is unique and distinct from others because it has taken control of its supply chain independently. It understands the market and its demands. Use of technology; technology has enabled Zara to communicate directly with its production centers and designers. It has also facilitated direct placement of ordr4s by store managers basing on the demands of that region. Understanding customers demand. Zara produces new collections every three weeks and this is done after analysis of the design in most demand by customers through the store managers. Use of personal digital assistance. Store managers use PDAs to place orders as requested by customers. This has facilitated time delivery as it has allowed a customer to even get the product within two days. Being customer based. Zara send group of commercials to different countries in which its stores are located to observe the style.

Poverty and Pollution Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Poverty and Pollution Case Study - Essay Example Firms that manufacture chemicals, which are too unsafe to manufacture within the first World will always acquire a market within third World Nations (The Environment..., 2013). There exist no regulations within the Third World Nations that govern dumping and pollution. Generally, Third World nations have to choose between food and a contaminated environment. Third World governments cannot limit nor have regulations, as it would be too expensive to their countries more specifically since most of their people are trying to earn a living (Hardoy, 2011). This paper is an analysis of the Pollution and Poverty Case Study. Ethical effects of pollution in a third world nation would directly affect the inhabitants of the Third World Countries (Hardoy, 2011). For instance, the dumping of toxic electronics within the south of Chinese town of Guiyu had Women melting hard drives and motherboards from CPUs to extract gold from them. This exposed them to toxic fumes. Ghana is another country, which has had wastes dumped in one of its regions. On the borders of Agbogbloshie town, there is an enormous wasteland as well as one of the highly polluted water bodies on Earth(The Environment..., 2013). ... Once they obtain the personal data in them, they sell the data for roughly $35 for each hard drive. Information obtained from these hard drives includes private financial facts, credit-card numbers, account data and reports of electronic transactions. Mostly, the original holders of the hard drives do not know that such information had been left in those drives. It becomes easier to clear out accounts with the account information. Ghana is listed as among the top cybercrime perpetrators in the globe conferring to the American State Department (Ghana Dumping..., 2012). During an off-camera interview, one of the drives purchased had a $22 billion United States government contract. The hard drive had come from an American military contractor known as Northrop Grumman; it is among the largest military contractors in the U.S. The hard drive contained very sensitive details such as multi-million dollar deals of the United States government with agencies such as the DIA (defense intelligenc e agency), Homeland Security and NASA (Ghana Dumping..., 2012). This poses an enormous security risk that places everyone at the vulnerability of the perpetrators. If regulations and laws had been established to govern e-waste disposal and pollution, then cybercrime might not be a huge issue as it is currently. Obtaining personal information about people is one thing, but it is another to obtain detailed information on government contracts (News Week Magazine, 2013). When 3rd World nations do not have any regulations or laws shielding them from 1st World Nations polluting and dumping in their nation, then it renders it difficult for them to prohibit 1st World Nations from dumping and polluting in their countries. Initially, some counties embraced the e-waste. A

Pursuing Happiness Essay Example for Free

Pursuing Happiness Essay We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness All men are created equal, but are we all really treated equal? As of January 2013, nine states — Connecticut, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Vermont, and Washington — have legalized same-sex marriage. Thats a mere 5.5% of the nation, whereas countries such as Canada, Netherlands, Spain, South Africa and Sweden have already granted full marital status to same-sex couples and other countries (France, Columbia, the UK, Taiwan, etc. ) have pending bills to legalize it as well. We are a leading nation in the world, we should be setting an example. So why are we so behind on this important matter? It is hit by a number issues, many of which are religion-based. Personally, I do not follow any religion but I respect the belief of others because I wouldnt like someone to insult something I believe in and thus I wouldnt do the same to another human being. But I dont understand why they cant understand my beliefs. I believe in love. Crazy, stupid, happy love. Tell me, what is so wrong with seeing two people in love get married? Should it matter what gender they are? Just because someone is of a different sexuality than you are doesnt mean that they arent human. They have feelings just like you and I. They dont look any different from us either. These people could be your brother or sister, your uncle or aunt, your schoolmates or teachers, they could even be your best friend. Speaking of best friends, one of mine, Christian, is the reason this issue hits so close to home for me. Ive been to 6 different schools in my life and befriended many people but Ive never really been open about myself in any of them. But with Christian and our other best friend, Nardos, there were no secrets. I remember the day Christian came out of the closet to us as clearly as if it were yesterday, I recall him blushing when we asked if he liked anyone and gushing over his crush of five years. Someday, I hope to see him in a relationship with someone and as maddeningly happy as he was that day. I hope to see him get married, to see him be happy. I hope that someday hell be able to come out to a world that judges him less on love than who he loves and more on who he is. Sadly, I doubt that day will come anytime soon. That isnt to say that it will never come. I mean, interracial marriage was illegal in the US till anti-miscegenation laws (laws that banned interracial marriage, cohabitation and sex) were declared unconstitutional in 1967. Doesnt it seem ridiculous to you that it took a supreme court decision to define that it was alright for two people of different races to love and marry each other? Well, thats how it seems to me with same-sex marriage.

B737 Ng Flight Control System Engineering Essay

B737 Ng Flight Control System Engineering Essay In this chapter the differences of the Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 NG will be discussed. There will be looked at the flight control system of the Boeing 737 NG and the flight control system of the Airbus A320 (2.2) after that a comparison between the conventional system and fly-by-wire system (2.3). 2.1 B737 NG flight control system This section will discuss the flight controls of the Boeing 737 NG. At first the primary flight controls especially the ailerons (2.1.1) and also the secondary flight controls of the Boeing 737 NG trailing edge devices (2.1.2) will be discussed. 2.1.1 Primary flight controls In this subsection, the primary flight controls of the Boeing 737NG will be discussed. The ailerons will be investigated as primary flight control in this chapter. The composition of the system (2.1.2a), the input of the system (2.1.2b), the transportation of signals (2.1.2c), the output signals (2.1.2d) and the hydraulic system of the Boeing 737NG will be discussed (2.1.2e) 2.1.1a Composition The aileron system exist of two ailerons. The Boeing 737 has an aileron on each wing. They are placed on the outer side of the wing to create a greater moment over the airplanes longitudinal axis. Over this axis the airplane will be able to roll. Because the ailerons are mounted on the outer side of the wing the needed forces can be lower than when they are placed on the inner side of the wing. The moment of the aileron is the force multiplied by the arm length. 2.1.1b Input The ailerons are positioned by the control wheels of the pilots. When the pilot controls his steering wheel a mechanical cardanic movement will make the input signal transferred to the transfer mechanism.The transferm mechanism keep the control wheel movement to a limit of 107.5 degrees left and right. This mechanism is mounted under the steering column of the pilot. The roll axis force transducer is mounted between the control shaft and aileron drum below the captains control column. The force transducer provides dual electrically isolated ac output signals that are proportional to the force applied to the control wheel or column. The signals are used by the autopilot computers when the system is engaged in CWS (manual) mode or in CMD mode with no flight mode selected. Both control wheels are cable mounted connected to each other, when the captain steer his control wheel the left aileron control bus drum will rotate and operated the control cable to rotate the right aileron control bus drum. This drum is connected exactly as the captains control wheel and the first officers control wheel will move. C:UsersTemminckDropboxHvA Projectgroep 1VProjectWerkmapKeespage 27-4.jpg 2.1.1c Transport By rotating the control bus drum, the control drum also will rotate. The control cable will be operated and will run through the airplane and routed by cable guides and kept on tension with cable tensioners. In the main wheel well the cable will be attached to the aileron body quadrant. On the quadrant the new outgoing cable is mounted. The quadrant is mounted on two aileron power control units (PCU). This PCUs are mounted at the aileron control quadrant. On this quadrant the aileron input shaft is mounted. On this shaft the autopilot control rod, the PCUs four pogo input cranks, the feel and centering unit and the aileron actuator are mounted. For backup two PCUs are mounted to help the pilot to create a higher force to the ailerons so the pilot dont need all his strength to control the ailerons. Also there are four pogo inputs installed between the body quadrant and the input shaft. These are to control the movement of the cables so that they are on tension at all times and not move when the dont need to. The feel and centering unit is used to position the ailerons to his neutral position. This can be done by movement of both aileron trim switches on the aft electronic panel. The aileron trim actuator can position the aileron input shaft to trim the system. The total trim the pilot have made can be read on the aileron trim indicator on the control wheel. The autopilot aileron actuator is duplicated for safety reasons. The autopilot actuator is with the autopilot input rod mounted to the aileron input shaft. This actuator will be electronic controlled by the flight control computers. All the actuators are hydraulic control led by system A and B. C:UsersTemminckDropboxHvA Projectgroep 1VProjectWerkmapKeespage 27-7.jpg 2.1.1d Output The control cables will led through the wings until they reach the aileron wing quadrant. This quadrant is kept on tension by the aileron cable tension spring. This for that the trenched out cables are kept on tension. The quadrant is connected with and pushrod connection to the aileron. On the aileron an aileron balance tab is mounted and connected with control rods. The aileron is armed with four balance panels to keep the balance in the ailerons. And this panels are equipped with fixed balance weights. The output signal of this system is that the aileron will move up or down after movement that the pilot will make by moving the control wheel. C:UsersTemminckDropboxHvA Projectgroep 1VProjectWerkmapKeespage 27-6.jpg 2.1.1e Hydraulic system The ailerons are powered by system A and B. When both of this systems fails, the aileron can still be operated manually by controlling the cables. The left aileron is powerd by system a and the right aileron is powered by system b. During normal operation of the ailerons, an aileron input goes through the input pogos of each PCU to its input crank. The upper and lower input cranks move, slides in the control valve, and supply hydraulic pressure to the actuator. The lower input crank is connected to the primary slide and the upper input crank is connected to the secondary slide. A torsion spring inside the PCU connects the two input cranks. Movement of the primary slide supplies one-half the total flow rate, and movement of the secondary slide supplies the other half. The primary slide moves to its full effective stroke before the secondary crank starts to move the secondary slide. When the primary and secondary slides move, hydraulic pressure goes through the control valve to one side of the actuator. This moves the actuator housing and the respective aileron body quadrant to the commanded position. The other side of the actuator is connected to the return. If one PCU cant supply a hydraulic pressure, its bypass valve will be activated and moves to the bypass position. This connects the two sides of the actuator, and prevents a hydraulic lock condition. When the pilot moves the control wheel, the ON side PCU still moves to his commanded position normally. As the ON side PCU moves, it also moves his respective aileron body quadrant and back drives the OFF side PCU actuator housing. When the OFF side housing moves, hydraulic fluid is pushed through the bypass valve. If one PCU input pogo cant move freely, the pilot must supply approximately 20 pounds of additional force to compress or extend the spring inside the pogo. The other PCU input pogo still moves its own input crank and slide to the commanded position. This equalizes pressure on both sides of the actuator and prevents a hydraulic lock condition. Now the other PCU can move the aileron body quadrant assembly normally. As the ON side PCU moves its respective aileron body quadrant it also back drives the OFF side PCU actuator housing. When the OFF side housing moves, hydraulic fluid is pushed through the bypass valve. During a manual reversion, the bypass valve receives no hydraulic pressure and moves to the bypass position. This connects the two sides of the actuator and prevents a hydraulic lock condition. When the pilot moves the control wheel more than three degrees, the primary and secondary input cranks hit the mechanical stops on the outside of the actuator housing. As the housing moves, hydraulic fluid in the actuator is through the bypass valve. Movement of the housing also moves the aileron body quadrant assembly to the commanded position.

Time magazine :: essays research papers

Time magazine's June 6, 1983 cover story called stress "The Epidemic of the Eighties" and referred to it as our leading health problem; there can be little doubt that the situation has progressively worsened since then. Numerous surveys confirm that adult Americans perceive they are under much more stress than a decade or two ago. A 1996 Prevention magazine survey found that almost 75% feel they have "great stress" one day a week with one out of three indicating they feel this way more than twice a week. In the same 1983 survey only 55% said they felt under great stress on a weekly basis. It has been estimated that 75 - 90 percent of all visits to primary care physicians are for stress related problems. Job Stress is far and away the leading source of stress for adults but stress levels have also escalated in children, teenagers, college students and the elderly for other reasons, including: increased crime, violence and other threats to personal safety; pernicio us peer pressures that lead to substance abuse and other unhealthy life style habits; social isolation and loneliness; the erosion of family and religious values and ties; the loss of other strong sources of social support that are powerful stress busters. http://www.stress.org/problem.htm Israel's health problems are similar to those prevailing in the Western world. Since heart diseases and cancer account for about two thirds of deaths, the study of these illnesses has become a national priority. Also of great concern are medical care for the aging, problems arising from environmental changes and conditions emanating from current lifestyles, as well as traffic and occupational accidents. Health education programs are widely used to inform the public of the need to stop habits such as smoking and overeating, as well as lack of physical exercise, which have proved detrimental to health. Campaigns are also run frequently to increase workers' and drivers' awareness of potential dangers. Environmental Hazards Environmental and health hazards have been generated by rapid population growth and steady expansion of agricultural and industrial activities. More than 70 percent of Israel's industry is concentrated along the narrow coastal zone where meteorological conditions are unfavorable for the dispersal of pollutants. To combat pollution of the Mediterranean and Red Sea coastlines, Israel has adopted a multifaceted program of legislation, enforcement, beach and shore clean-up and international activities, primarily within the framework of the Mediterranean Action Plan. Under conditions of water scarcity and intensive development, the degradation of water quality constitutes a critical problem.

How Men View Women in History - Through Voltaire, John Locke, Joesph Co

America has made great advances in women’s rights over the last few decades. Women are prominent in the work place, living independently, and even running for office. However, this has not always been the case, during the course of history, women have been subjected to slavery, denied the right to vote, and have been viewed as property. Throughout all of human history women have been mistreated by men. 70 years after the American Revolution, white males enjoyed freedoms they viewed as their god given rights, but woman were somehow left out, they even seemed to be excluded from the constitution (â€Å"All men are created equal.†) â€Å"After so much had been done to ensure America’s freedom, it was hypocritical that woman were not allowed to vote, married woman had no property rights, and husbands possessed so much legal power they could beat or imprison their wives on a whim. Even most professions were closed to women, it would be unheard of to see a woman practicing medicine or law. The jobs that were available to women only paid a fraction of what the men were making.† [Eisenberg] This made women completely dependant on men. Women’s oppression is not just unique to our history alone. Different civilizations around the world have portrayed women despicably. In Japan during world war two, teenage girls were rounded up into sex camps. â€Å"An estimated one hundred thousand to four hundred thousand girls were forced to do sexual favors for Japanese soldiers, some of the girls were as young as 11 years old. They serviced up to 50 Japanese soldiers a day, while enduring beatings, starvation, sterilization and abortions. Even today, over half the 27 million people enslaved are woman in underground sex brothels.† [Robinson] In J... ...ic will help some woman see hope too, then so be it). â€Å"I would not even have mentioned my own misfortunes, if you had not irked me a bit, and if it weren’t the custom, on shipboard, to pass the time with stories.† [Candide, ] For her, tales of woe are neither enriching nor moving, only a way of making a point (and passing some time). Though her suffering does not move her to self-pity, it does shape the simplicity and frankness that define her character. In conclusion, even though our society would like to believe that women have always had equal liberties (with men) in everything they do, we can see this is not the case. Throughout human history, woman has believed she is inferior to man, however, now with our civilization progressing in the women’s right movement everyday, women can finally come to terms with the fact that they are indeed equal to men.

Rise of the Planet of the Apes Film Analysis

One day, when he saw the father of the scientist having a fight with their neighbor, he attacked the neighbor ND was put in a prison for apes by the animal control. In the prison for apes, he witnessed the reality of the cruelty done to apes by humans causing him to make an army of intelligent apes he infected with the same virus that caused his intelligence and had an uprising to free the apes and himself in the redwoods forest. Based on the movie, the genetic breakthrough that happened were the drugs ALLS 112 and ALLS 1 13 that were labeled as the cure to the Alleghenies disease.These drugs contained a virus that lead organisms with strong immune systems to have heightened intelligence, full cognitive recovery, increased memory quality, and faster reparation of brain cells, although harmful to those with weak immune systems. In my own opinion, the evolutionary manipulation of man or any specie presented in the movie through the maneuvering of the brain cells and other parts of the brain of the ape the scientist performed seemed a bit unethical because this manipulation could lead to controlling the way of thinking and the actions of man or any other species.Genetics is related to the film because the story revolved around an ape that was infected with a man-made virus that focused on monitoring the variations in an organism through altering the way the brain cells work, thus also altering the different qualities and actions of the organism infected. Through the movie and the discussion, I realized that variations are significant because these are the distinctive qualities organisms have from other organisms. They are the unique traits present in everything and everyone that are used as a means of differentiating one thing from another.Variations could also be used to determine viruses and diseases present in organisms, like the green eyes the infected apes had in the movie due to the iris they had. Without variations, evolution wouldn't happen and everything and everyone would look alike and be the same. The movie â€Å"Rise of the Planet of the Apes† was mainly about an extremely intelligent ape leading an uprising Of apes he infected with the same virus a scientist made with the purpose of finding a cure for the Alchemist's disease that caused his intelligence, to lead the apes into freedom in the forests.Even though, in my own opinion, the evolutionary manipulation of man or any other species seemed unethical and a bit immoral, the subject of Genetics as prevalent in the movie through the genetic breakthroughs that happened in viruses that caused the quick reparation and improvement in the overall brain function of organisms with immune systems strong enough to withstand it.Through the movie, I realized the significance of variations in Genetics. Variations are significant because they are a means of differentiation between organisms, determining viruses and diseases present in an organism, they allow every organism to be uniq ue in different aspects, and they play an important role in universal evolution.

Health Information Technology Paper Essay

The facility that of Health Care that I have chosen is Bradford Oaks Nursing Rehabilitation Center, Genesis Healthcare, Clinton Md, 20735. This Nursing home is a Long-term and Short-term nursing home with one level floor holding 180 beds and the facility tries to keep the census up to 170 beds. They are owned by Genesis Healthcare, the population that is served there are 80 percent elderly and the other 10 percent is between the age of 21 and up the younger generation. They offer all types of services at the facility as far as Rehab, Long-term care, Short-term Care, Respite Care, and Hospice Care. There are a very good facility that have accreditation of GENESIS HEALTHCARE RECOGNIZED AS ONE OF THE ACHIEVERS 50 MOST ENGAGED WORKPLACESâ„ ¢ IN THE UNITED STATES, Genesis HealthCare receives Viverae’s 2012 Vanguard Award for developing a healthier workplace culture. The Users of the Health Information at Bradford Oaks Nursing Rehabilitation Center are Physicians who provide the services our patients and residents need in a compassionate and caring environment. Whether it is helping ideas be heard or working to build cooperation amongst business teams. We have Nurses (LPN)-Licensed Practical Nurses One that can provide the services our patients and residents need in a compassionate and caring environment. Whether it is enhancing clinical skills, developing leadership capabilities, or providing strong foundations for career development. We Have (RN) – Registered Nurse Use strong physical assessment skills and mastery of fine nursing principles to manage a range of acute care and rehabilitation patients. They develop and implement individualized care plans for patients while assisting with orientation and supervision of nursing staff. Of Course the administrator who plans, organized, direct, and control the operations of a nursing home or it s equivalent (other long-term personal care facilities with or without nursing services) based on policies established by the owner or governing board. We also have the Support Services which are adult day care, meal programs (like Meals-on-wheels), senior centers, friendly visitor programs, help with shopping and transportation, help with legal question, bill paying, or other financial matters. The way we access Health Information is by Paper Medical Records and Electronic Records. The paper records are accessed through medical records clerk in medical records by giving the name and DOB. The Electronic Records are accessed with a system named PointClickCare, threw Genesis Healthcare. There are plenty of systems they used in the facility but PointClickCare is the system that is used threw out the whole building. In different department and everybody PointClickCare is different. They use a system call E-discharged for referrals that are sent from the hospital to the facility regarding a patients clinical information of a patient who either needs long-term care or short-term care needs. They also use a system called (IRM) – Intake Referral Management where referrals are sent straight to the facility for patients that either need help with long-term healthcare or short-term healthcare. Some of the system that are used under the PointClickCare System are registration, bil ling, coding, computerized physician order entry (CPOE), and nursing system and finance system. I would classify this system based on the description of my Him interviewer is Clinical Support. The functions of this system as explained by my interviewer (R,Shalita,2013) was that the purpose is to have good time management on all of their work and system, getting information at a fast pace and a safe and secure system to protect patient information. The system doesn’t connect/interface with other systems, the system is not user friendly you need a username and password to login and everyone PointClickCare is different depending on their department. This system is very secure, they have vendors to support the maintenance and updated of the systems, especially Genesis Healthcare does have to call their 1-800 number. The strengths of their system is time efficient, communication is clear, its visual to everyone that uses it, give automatic updates, on a patient or if the department updates anything. The PointClickCare HER platform provides an integrated approach to the management of long-term care. By connection clinical, billing, and administration processes across a single, web based platform, information is only entered once, duplicate documentations avoided, staff have more time to spend with residents, errors are reduced, and RUGs are optimized. The templates are completely customizable, they provide consistent, complete, and accurate data. The notes for similar types of exams will appear to be standard and similar, each click adds data elements to the database. Point and click systems create data that can be used to generate clinically useful reports, such as health maintenance reminders and disease management. One of the major advantages of template-based charting is the speed with which i t can make the document available as a medical record. Since notes are created within the EMR, they are available immediately upon completion. There are weakness of the system it takes more time and definitely more concentration for a physician to navigate through a large data set and create progress notes using poingclickcare templates. Templates must by customized per the physician’s requirement, customization can be inflexible and costly. Templates are well-accepted by only tech-savvy doctors, any approach requiring direct data entry by the physician has generally failed because busy providers reject it altogether. The output form these templates is too canned and identical, it loses individuality for each patient. It is difficult for a provider to capture a complete patient encounter on a computer in front of a patient. I learned a lot details about planning, design, implementation, and maintence of the system. The technology section for the long-term care organization reaches beyond software evaluation. Considerations of implementation, training, and support are usually important for holistic care provider solution. PointClickCare’s resources in these critical areas ensure immediate and strategic client success. Implementation services are certified industry experts deliver the best-practices of nearly 5,000 implementations. Dedicated account teams form a strong relationship between PointClickCare and our clients proven methodologies remove risk On-demand and on-site implementation and training offers flexibility in delivery and investment, Support provides the right answers at the right time. Training services are End-user adoption will ultimately drive the success of any technology. PointClickCare’s thorough training programs, delivered onsite, online, or through the application, ar m users with the skills to use PointClickCare on day one: A combination of onsite, web, and on-demand training programs for end-users. Credentialed industry and product expert trainers dedicated to client success during and post-implementation. Ongoing subscriptions for retraining existing or new staff. Support Services are when it comes to technology, your business can’t afford to wait for assistance. PointClickCare’s highly responsive, regionally-dedicated support teams and technical account managers (TAMs) get clients the answers they need, when they need them. PointClickCare’s support organization prevents interruption to operations, freeing clients to focus on their core business: get answers quickly with regular and emergency support types. The right support at the right time with 3 tiers of problem escalation regionally dedicated teams understand and can provide solutions to localized issues. On-Demand resources (Customer Resource Center) provides end-use r support directly within the application. I found that the system PointclickCare is very secure and organized HER, and the PointClickCare is adding more customers per month than any other vendor on the market. That’s because their web-based solutions are uniquely designed to help long-term care providers of all sizes manage the complete lifecycle of resident care. From pre-admission to discharge, our integrated approach to EHR streamlines clinical, MDS, billing, and administrative processes with maintenance-free software that is as robust as it is easy to use. Some of the key strengths where that they provide consistent, complete, and accurate data. The weakness of the system were that It takes more time—and definitely more concentration—for a physician to navigate through a large data set and create progress notes using point-and-click templates. There could be improve as far as the weakness but I believe that as time goes on and the system continues to get updated they will fix the little issue the sys tem has as of right now. Reference (Healthcare Center, Genesis, (2012). Our Services. Retrieved form, http://www.genesishcc.com/our-services/our-services-overview) (R. Shalita, Personal Communication, August 15, 2013) (Wessinger, Mike, (2000-2013). PointClickCare. Retrieved from, http://www.pointclickcare.com/corp_site/company/management.jsp)

Chapter 1 †Research in Business, Chapter 2 †Ethics in Business Research

CHAPTER 1 – RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Why Study Business Research? Business research provides information to guide business decisions. Business research plays an important role in an environment that emphasizes measurement. Return on investment (ROI) is the calculation of the financial return for all business expenditures and it is emphasized more now than ever before. Business research expenditures are increasingly scrutinized for their contribution to ROMI. Research Should Reduce Risk The primary purpose of research is to reduce the level of risk of a marketing decision.Business Research Defined A process of determining, acquiring, analyzing, synthesizing, and disseminating relevant business data, information, and insights to decision makers in ways that mobilize the organization to take appropriate business actions that, in turn, maximize business performance. What’s Changing in Business that Influences Research Several factors increase the relevance for studying business research. †¢Information overload. While the Internet and its search engines present extensive amounts of information, its quality and credibility must be continuously evaluated.The ubiquitous access to information has brought about the development of knowledge communities and the need for organizations to leverage this knowledge universe for innovation—or risk merely drowning in data. Stakeholders now have more information at their disposal and are more resistant to business stimuli. †¢Technological connectivity. Individuals, public sector organizations, and businesses are adapting to changes in work patterns (real-time and global), changes in the formation of relationships and communities, and the realization that geography is no longer a primary constraint. Shifting global centers of economic activity and competition.The rising economic power of Asia and demographic shifts within regions highlight the need for organizations to expand their knowledge of consumers, suppliers, talent pools, business models, and infrastructures with which they are less familiar. †¢Increasingly critical scrutiny of big business. The availability of information has made it possible for all a firm’s stakeholders to demand inclusion in company decision making, while at the same time elevating the level of societal suspicion. More government intervention. As public-sector activities increase in order to provide some minimal or enhanced level of social services, governments are becoming increasingly aggressive in protecting their various constituencies by posing restrictions on the use of managerial and business research tools. †¢Battle for analytical talent. Managers face progressively complex decisions, applying mathematical models to extract meaningful knowledge from volumes of data and using highly sophisticated software to run their organizations.The shift to knowledge-intensive industries puts greater demand on a scarcity of well-trained talent with advanced analytical skills. †¢Computing Power and Speed. Lower cost data collection, better visualization tools, more computational power, more and faster integration of data, and real-time access to knowledge are now manager expectations†¦not wistful visions of a distant future. †¢New Perspectives on Established Research Methodologies. Older tools and methodologies, once limited to exploratory research, are gaining wider acceptance in dealing with a wider range of managerial problems.Business Planning Drives Business Research An organization’s mission drives its business goals, strategies, and tactics and, consequently, its need for business decision support systems and business intelligence. Hierarchy of Business Decision Makers Visionaries, Standardized Decision Makers, Intuitive Decision Makers †¢In the bottom tier, most decisions are based on past experience or instinct. Decisions are also supported with secondary data searches. †¢In the mi ddle tier, some decisions are based on business research. †¢In the top tier, every decision is guided by business research.Firms develop proprietary methodologies and are innovative in their combination of methodologies. There is access to research data and findings throughout the organization. Research May Not Be Necessary Business research is only valuable when it helps management make better decisions. A study may be interesting, but if it does not help improve decision-making, its use should be questioned. Research could be appropriate for some problems, but insufficient resources may limit usefulness. Information Value Chain Computers and telecommunications lowered the costs of data collection. Data management is now possible and necessary given the quantity of raw data. †¢Models reflect the behavior of individuals, households, and industries. †¢A DSS integrates data management techniques, models, and analytical tools to support decision making. †¢Data must be more than timely and standardized; it must be meaningful. These are all characteristics of the information value chain. Characteristics of Good Research Clearly defined purpose, detailed research process, thoroughly planned design, high ethical standards, limitations addressed, adequate analysis, unambiguous presentation, conclusions justified, credentialsHow the Research Industry Works Some Organizations Use Internal Research Sources; Internal researchers are â€Å"in-house. † Some Organizations Use External Research Sources; External research suppliers can be further classified into business research firms, communication agencies, consultants, and trade associations. Business Research Firms Business research firms may be full-service or specialty-based. †¢Full-service firms conduct all phases of research from planning to insight development. They may offer custom projects tailored to a client’s needs and/or proprietary work. Proprietary methodologies are prog rams or techniques that are owned by a single firm. †¢Specialty firms establish expertise in one or a few research methodologies. They represent the largest number of research firms and tend to dominate the small research firms operated by a single research firm or a very small staff. †¢Syndicated data providers track the change of one or more measures over time, usually in a given industry. †¢Some research firms offer omnibus studies that combine one or a few questions from several business decision makers who need information from the same population.CHAPTER 2 – ETHICS IN BUSINESS RESEARCH Ethical Treatment of Participants Research must be designed so that a participant does not suffer physical harm, discomfort, pain, embarrassment, or loss of privacy. This slide lists the three guidelines researchers should follow to protect participants. When discussing benefits, the researcher should be careful not to overstate or understate the benefits. Informed consent means that the participant has given full consent to participation after receiving full disclosure of the procedures of the proposed study.Characteristics of Informed Consent Since 1966, all projects with federal funding are required to be reviewed by an Institutional Review Board (IRB). An IRB evaluates the risks and benefits of proposed research. The review requirement may be more relaxed for projects that are unlikely to be risky – such as marketing research projects. Many institutions require that all research – whether funded or unfunded by the federal government – be reviewed by a local IRB. The IRBs concentrate on two areas. First is the guarantee of obtaining complete, informed consent from participants.The second is the risk assessment and benefit analysis review. Complete informed consent has four characteristics and these are named in the slide. 1. The participant must be competent to give consent. 2. Consent must be voluntary, and free from coercion. 3. Participants must be adequately informed to make a decision. 4. Participants should know the possible risks or outcomes associated with the research. Ethical Responsibilities Special consideration is necessary when researching the behavior and attitudes of children.Besides providing informed consent, parents are often interviewed during the selection process to ensure that the child is mature enough and has the verbal and physical capabilities necessary. Deception Disguising non-research activities. Camouflaging true research objectives. Debriefing Explain any deception, Describe purpose, Share results, Provide follow-up. In situations where participants are intentionally or accidentally deceived, they should be debriefed once the research is complete. Debriefing describes the goals of the research, as well as the truth and reasons for any deception.Results are shared after the study is complete. Participants who require any medical or psychological follow-up attention will rece ive it during the debriefing process. Right to Privacy Right to refuse, prior permission to interview, limit time required. Data Mining Ethics The convenience of collecting data online has created new ethical issues. Data mining offers infinite possibilities for research abuse. The primary ethical data mining issues in cyberspace are privacy-related including consent to information collection and control of information dissemination.Legitimate data miners publicly post their information security policies. The EU countries have passed the European Commission’s data protection directive. Under the directive, commissioners can prosecute companies and block Web sites that fail to live up to its strict privacy standards. Confidentiality Sponsor nondisclosure, purpose nondisclosure, findings nondisclosure Ethics And The Sponsor Occasionally, researchers may be asked by sponsors to participate in unethical behavior. What can the researcher do to remain ethical? There are four sugges tions provided in the slide.The researcher can attempt to 1. ducate the sponsor to the purpose of the research, 2. explain the researcher’s role as a fact-finder, 3. explain how distorting the truth or breaking faith will lead to future problems, and 4. if the others fail, terminate the relationship. Effective Codes of Ethics Many organizations have codes of ethics. A code of ethics is an organization’s codified set of norms or standards of behavior that guide moral choices about research behavior. Effective codes are those that 1) are regulative, 2) protect the public interest and the interests of the profession served by the code, 3) are behavior-specific, and 4) are enforceable.

“Globalization” or “inter-nationalization” Essay

‘Whether we call it â€Å"globalization† or â€Å"inter-nationalization†, very few people, organizations or states stand to benefit’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? Globalization is without doubt it is a â€Å"buzz† word of the time – it is a word that seems to be constantly mentioned in the news on the television or radio. But what does living in a â€Å"globalized† world really mean? As a starting point this essay will attempt to interpret its meaning by applying four main theories and using these theories to discuss the impact of globalization on individuals, organisations and states. It will go on to explore three different perspectives on global change and how each perspective might view its effects including identifying possible weaknesses in their arguments. This will enable a decision to be made as to what extent the question â€Å"whether we call it â€Å"globalization† or â€Å"inter-nationalization†, very few people, organisations or states stand to benefit can be agreed with. Globalization can be characterized by four distinctive features. First it involves a stretching of social, political and economic activities across nation-state boundaries. What is happening on what might be geographically the other side of the world, affects the other and specific local developments can have considerable global consequences. Examples of this would be global climate change, environmental issues such as pollution into the atmosphere and oceans, poverty etc. We are all losers in terms of global problems such as pollution – acid rain, toxic waste etc and it extremely daunting to think that we are totally limitless in our control of them. For example, in April 1986 an accident occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in the USSR. This caused a cloud carrying radioactive particles to hit Britain. Ten years on, as a result of the fall-out, 70,000 sheep in Cumbria remained contaminated (Cochrane, A. and Pain, K. (2004), p.18). Second, it is marked by the intensification of flows of trade. Technological developments have accelerated over the past 20 years – the introduction of mobile phones, the internet, satellite television means that communication across the planet is virtually instantaneous. There are hundreds of satellites floating above the earth, each one carrying a huge amount of information. Physical distance is no longer an issue – we are being brought much closer to news/issues/events from around the world – this could be seen as good or bad although for the ones that have it, access to much more information has to be a good thing. Losers would undoubtedly be people without internet access and organisations with a less developed communication infrastructure. The way people work is changing – working from home is now much more viable and this has to be a good thing for individuals and companies because it provides more flexibility all round. Third, it can be linked to increasing interpenetration or the bringing together distant cultures and societies face to face with each other at local level, good examples of this would be Microsoft, Coca Cola, McDonalds and Starbucks. This could be seen as good or bad, many people don’t like the fact that these huge companies put smaller privately owned companies out of business and that everything is becoming so uniformed – local places with â€Å"character† are being lost. Global trade on the whole is increasing which may mean more jobs, better employment prospects for some but on the down sound it may also mean many home communities are devastated when local companies are bought out by multinational ones that cut wages and benefits and/or moves production overseas. This could lead to the inequality gap widening further which will ultimately cause conflict and potentially from this point of view we are all losers here too. And forth, the development of a global infrastructure – the authority of nations is territorially bound therefore international organisations such as The United Nationals, The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organisation all play a part in regulating and governing the global system and are new forms of agency brought about because of globalization. It could be argued that in this borderless economy, nation states have no option but to accommodate global market forces due to their power, limiting their options. Furthermore, a growth in international trade (often due to lower trade barriers) will encourage more competition. This could be seen as having winners and losers but reducing trade barriers in particular may reduce the role of governments which, in turn, could encourage corruption. There is no doubt that many developing countries have increased their share of world trade as a result of globalization although this may be at the detriment of the poorer countries. There are three positions which all have a different perspective on the term globalization; these are the globalist, inter-nationalist and transformationalist and all three have strengths and weaknesses to their arguments. Globalists on the whole see Globalisation as something that is real and is happening – that changes are happening socially and economically and that it is an inevitable, irreversible development that should not be resisted. But globalists themselves fall into two categories – optimistic/positive globalists and pessimistic globalists. Optimistic/positive Globalists view it as a process that is beneficial. They would probably disagree with the statement that very few people, organizations or states stand to benefit because they welcome the changes that it brings such as improvement on the quality of life, raising living standards and the bringing together of societies and cultures – promoting a better understanding of each other. They acknowledge that globalisation is not all good news, that with it issues such as global environmental pollution, for example, but want citizens to take responsibility for their actions, to look for ways of minimising the damage through their own actions and through the use of new technologies. They may have overlooked however, that local Governments/authorities may be limited in their actions in relation to worldwide/global issues and that globalization is certainly not developing in an even handed way. In Tony Gidden’s Reith Lecture he quotes â€Å"Globalisation some argue creates a world of winners and losers, a few on the fast track to prosperity, the majority condemned to a life of misery and despair and indeed the statistics are daunting. The share of the poorest 5th of the world’s population in global income has dropped from 2.3% to 1.4% over the past 10 years. The proportion taken by the richest 5th on the other hand has risen† (Tony Gidden Reith Lecture â€Å"Runaway World† 1999). Pessimistic globalists regard it with hostility, believing that it increases inequality between nations, threatens employment and hinders social progress. Moreover they believe that globalization is making the world become more homogeneous with the demise of sovereignty and national identities as well as the demise of politicians’ capabilities to influence events. A pessimistic view would probably be that only the giant multi-national companies (usually American) stand to benefit since the US has a dominant economic, cultural and military position in the global scheme of things. They would probably view globalization as nothing more than corporate hegemony and would definitely agree with the statement about very few people, organizations or states benefiting. A weakness of the pessimistic globalist view is that they don’t seem to have a clear solution to the problem, it’s like they want to â€Å"reverse time† and go back to how it was. They undermine the e xisting structure but have no idea about any clear alternatives. According to the inter-nationalists all the talk about globalization is exactly that – just talk. They believe that the world carries on much the same as it ever did that it isn’t especially different from that which existed in previous periods and that increases in global trade across the world is just progression based on world trading links that have been established for many years – a continuation of the past. They argue that a good deal of economic exchange is between regions rather than being truly worldwide, for example countries of the European Union mostly trade among themselves. This whole view seems unrealistic. World financial flows have grown exponentially since the 1970’s and advances in technology have undoubtedly helped with transactions becoming instantaneous with 24 hour global financial markets. International trade has also grown to unprecedented levels and involves a much wider range of goods and services. As a result a weakness of theirs would be that underestimate the power of nation states and possibly put too much faith in the capabilities of national governments. The third – transformationslists – is somewhere in between the two. They believe that something is happening, that changes are taking place and that the effects of globalisation should not be underestimated. Unlike the globalists they believe that nothing is pre-determined or inevitable and that national, local and other agencies still have room for manoeuvre and that maybe new solutions may have to be found. A strength of the transformationalist is that they see sovereignty as having to be shared among other private and public agencies. They would probably sit on the fence as to whether people, organizations or states stand to benefit from globalization. Some people do benefit, some don’t. Some organisations benefit, some don’t, and so on. It might depend on who you are, what you are, where you live etc. A weakness of the transformationalist would be that they are somewhat blinded by the scale of global inequalities that are developing as a result of rationalisation as they tend to have more of a â€Å"regional† focus. The word â€Å"globalization† seems to have come from no where to be almost everywhere. Globalisation is political, technological, cultural and economic, it affects everyone and its effects can be seen everywhere. There are winners and losers but with reference to the original question in the introductory paragraph personally it would have to be a disagreement with this statement. Globalization is not something that should be shirked but the challenges it presents need to be controlled because it is now part of the way we live and it’s not going to go away. Metaphorically speaking it may mean a shrinking world but it is creating something that has never existed before and it is without doubt changing our world, for better or worse, no matter where or whom we happen to be. References Cochrane, A. and Pain, K, ‘A globalizing society’ in Held, D. (ed) (2004) Gidden Reith, A. Lecture â€Å"Runaway World† (1999) Held, D. â€Å"A globalizing world? Culture, economics, politics†, London, Routledge/The Open University

Moss and Mcadams Accounting Firm

RUNNING HEAD: MOSS AND MCADAMS Assignment #1: Moss and McAdams Accounting Firm Strayer University Bus 517 Bruce Palmer was a good guy looking to make a difference. He was lead to believe that Zeke Olds was going to be available to him throughout the project and that was not the case. He was led astray and betrayed by Ken Crosby, a new guy to M&M. Crosby knew if he made the case to Sands early, that he would get his way. The client was one that M&M was competing to get with two other big 5 accounting firms and since Crosby came from a Big 5 accounting firm, M&M was going to give him whatever he needed to complete the project.Crosby was recruited specifically to manage special projects and this qualified as such. Even though Olds was already slated to work on the Johnsonville audit, Sands was persuaded by Crosby to let Olds work on his team due to the expertise that was essential to the Springfield project. If I was Palmer I would have talked to management about how the process is bein g handled and offer up a suggestion so that no other project manager would be misled by another. Palmer should have stood firm with Crosby from the beginning and maybe there would not have been a major issue along the way.He waited too long to talk with Sands and it proved that Palmers passive way was his demise in dealing with Crosby and ultimately lost him Olds on his project. Once Olds started to do consulting work he realized that auditing was not as fun as consulting work. I do not believe Palmer could have anything to prevent losing Olds. Olds might have had good intentions but he showed a lack of focus when he started showing up 30-60 minutes late. Palmer should have scheduled a meeting with Olds and try to figure out what Olds wanted to do. A mistake on Palmer’s part was never sitting down with Sands and telling her what was going on.There may have been no change but at least he would have stated his frustration and put the responsibility to resolve the issue with San ds. The lack of focus on the project by Olds being stretched in by two teams and conflicting priorities caused Olds to feel stressed. Palmer should have prioritized Olds objectives and set clear deliverables for him to measure up against. Had he told Olds what was expected he could have got ahead of the problem but instead he let Crosby interfere and drive Olds away from his project. Crosby never had any intention of letting Olds work on both projects.He made it clear to Sands when he first started that Olds was critical to the project and he wanted him on his team. Sands went along because Olds is a valuable player in the office and felt that it would be a good match. The problem with this situation is that Olds was being pulled in too many directions and not allowed to focus on projects that suited his talents. This is often the case in matrix type organizations. The disadvantage of a the matrix organization is instead of delegating segments of a project to different unit or creat ing an team, project members report to simultaneously to both functional and project managers.Having resources shared across multiple projects and divisions sounds like an efficient way to divide the energy of individuals across multiple projects on an as needed basis is a disadvantage as seen at M&M. Olds was divided across multiple projects and ended up not being very efficient. Have a strong project focus is a clear advantage of a matrix organization because it provides having a formally designated project manager who is responsible for coordinating and integrating contributions of several units.This helps sustain a holistic approach to problem solving that is most often missing in functional organizations. Although this is an advantage, it was not the case at M&M. The lack of project focus resulted in one project lacking the resource to complete the project. There was no coordination or integration between the two teams and resulted in two project managers fighting over one empl oyee. The dysfunctional conflict between Crosby and Palmer opened up the tension between the two managers. There was a legitimate conflict that arose from conflicting agendas and responsibilities.The Springfield project was clearly a higher priority than the Johnsonville audit and Sands should have told Palmer, that although he is valuable to the audit, he would be more successful for the Springfield project. Palmer could have pulled another resource to take Olds place or hire a contractor to fill in the time when Olds would not be available. Olds was caught in a stressful situation where he was working in an environment in which he was being told to do two different tasks and had two different agendas by two different managers.This all led to infighting over Olds being shared across both projects and the two managers competing over for one resource. Palmer and Crosby were only concerned about their respective projects and Crosby knew what his end game was all along. Palmer was not clever enough to outwit Crosby and therefor he lost out on Olds. M&M management clearly needs to set priorities and objectives for projects. The matter in which Sands handled Olds splitting time between two managers shows the type of organizational culture at M&M.The matrix is one part of the equation but the culture is how that matrix is driven. The type of culture in M&M lends the opportunity for Crosby to manipulate another manager for his personal gain. Sands knew that the Springfield project was high profile and Crosby was hired from a Big 5 firm for projects like these. Sands should have taken the time to hear Palmer’s concerns and make an informed decision. She only heard from Crosby and was told by Olds and with no regard for Palmer, made a decision to move Olds to Crosby’s project to satisfy the organization at the cost of another project.The norm, customs, shared values, and the â€Å"rules of the game† for getting along and getting ahead in the M&M or ganization are clear to see from this project. They need to change how they select and assign project staff to multiple projects. They need to develop a system that appropriately balances the needs of the project with those of the organization. They could send out a survey to poll the employees to see how they would like to be selected for a project in order to get employees that wanted to do certain types of projects. Culture encourages the implementation of projects.

Criminolgy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Criminolgy - Essay Example Drugs alter a person’s behavior. Depending on the user it may cause violence. Sometimes this violence leads to illegal activity. A drug user’s only objective at times is to get money for drugs by any means necessary. Some of the drug related crimes are larceny, armed burglary, assault, motor vehicle theft, robbery, possession or sale of drugs and drunken law violations. Gangs are majorly affiliated with drugs. The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Arrestee Drug Abuse monitoring program measures drug use among arrestees with positive urine tests for drug use (Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2009). Data is collected voluntarily and anonymously at the time of arrest in jails. Data from males arrested showed that 42.5 to 78.7 percent tested positive for drugs (Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2009). Female who tested positive for drugs ranged from 33.3 to 82.1 percent (Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2009). Males arrested charged with drug possession or sales were among the most likely to test positive for drug use, while female arrestees charged with prostitution, drug possession or sales were among the most likely to show a positive test result In 1997 the U.S. bureau of the census conducted surveys of state and federal prisons. About 22.4 to 32.6 percent of inmates arrested reported being under the influence of drugs at the time of their offense, 20 to 27 percent stated that they committed their crime to obtain money to buy drugs (Gargaro, 1999). The increase in the lethal weapons on the street has also contributed to drug violence. Out of 14,088 homicides in 1998 4.8 percent were drug related accorded to FBI crime stats (Gargaro, 1999). Guns, knives, and other weapons are used in armed robberies, enforcing drug deals, and for respect on the streets. Weapons and drugs are two entities that are found together. Liberals and

Strategic Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Strategic Human Resource Management - Essay Example The ever-changing environment reminds us that, for a business to survive, it has to concentrate on its core competencies to be ahead of the competitors. The concept of Strategic Human Resource Management has changed keeping in mind to be sustainable in this world of high cut throat competitions. Human resource management (HRM) involves all management activities and decisions that directly or indirectly keep marks on the human capital of the company. HRM is full of different strategies, in the other way HRM in strategic level is called SHRM. SHRM implies different aspects of an organization. First it gives importance on the human resources which is a differentiator among the competitors. Secondly it gives a clear idea about the process and goal of the company. Third it reflects different HR programs. The main aim of SHRM is to be successful through human capital. SHRM helps organization to get skilled, dedicated and motivated human capital. It also helps a company to retain its valuable workforce. There are lots of elements are related with SHRM. Those are discussed below. SHRM creates a transformation among the staffs. It brings certain changes among the staffs. Those are team building, global perspective, strategic planning. SHRM also brings transformations in organizational structures. The hr policy will maybe centralize or decentralized. It would be guided by SHRM. It is a discipline which enlightens different practises, ideas, concepts keeping in line with HRM tactical planning, philosophy, activities and long term goal of the company. SHRM gives great guidelines on how to lay the strong base for strategic advantages by the creation of effective organizational structure and design culture, value proposition of workforce. The appropriate communication strategy also can be prepared for a changing landscape. It gives Strategic human resource management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words Strategic human resource management - Essay Example Building Business Case for HR as a Strategic Asset Human resource professionals need to build strong case studies supporting the business objective communicated by the management to employees. The HR department can use previous research works, academic resource, survey reports and industry data in order to support order to build business case. Strategy Map Creation Performance measurement action needs to be integrated by HR department in order to trigger value creation process. The company needs to create graphical representation of performance drivers while mapping the value chain process. HR Deliverable within Strategy Map HR managers need to depict performance drivers and HR enablers separately in order to increase potentiality of strategic map. HR deliverables must support firm level performance drivers of strategy map. Aligning HR Architecture with HR deliverables HR managers need to architect existing HR system (work organization, competencies) in accordance with HR deliverable s (low turnover) to increase strategic value of the map. Aligning existing HR system with organization’s macro level strategy plays cordial role in this step (Becker, Ulrich and Huselid, 2001, p.p 36-47). Strategic Measurement System In this stage HR managers develop measurement tool for HR deliverables to fulfil business objective of the organization. Measurement Detailed process flow for executing and monitoring is drawn in this step. HR managers focus on implementation strategy of the HR Scorecard in context to objective of the organization. The seven step model can be defined in the following manner. (Source: Becker, Ulrich and Huselid, 2001, p.p 36-47) 2.0 Balance Scorecard Some of the major performance measurement tools that are being used in current business scenario include Balanced Scorecard, Economic Value Added (EVA), Activity Based Costing and Management, Performance Prism and Quality Management. However among the aforementioned tools, importance and usage of bala nced scorecard will be principally highlighted through the entire report. While the saying ‘balanced scorecard was coined in the early 1990s’, the origin of this approach however is believed to be deep, and also embrace radical work of General Electric (GE) during the early 1950s. The work was basically based on reporting of performance measurement. Apart from this French process engineers have also contributed immensely towards the development of performance management tools. There work was during the early 20th century. In this context the engineers literally developed a â€Å"dashboard† in order to monitor performance levels in a simplified and efficient way. Despite of its early conception, it was originally developed at Harvard business school by Dr. David Norton and Dr. Robert Kaplan in the year 1992 (Eckerson, 2010, P. 11). During the initial phases after the development of balanced scorecard, it was merely used as the performance measurement tool or a per formance measurement agenda. Nevertheless slowly with the passage of time balanced scorecard has been able to gain much more importance in the professional field. A number of companies incorporated balanced scorecard into their system of operation in order to facilitate effective and well-organized performance measu

Article response about architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article response about architecture - Essay Example ansion and growth of American commercial life encouraged broader spectrum of American people to relocate into suburban cities or communities after the bloody world war. From 1949 to 19955, the American suburban societies grew by forty percent in contrast to general population growth of 10%. At an amazing pace, the futuristic mass built and highways and well-equipped home appliances that had been dreamt of during the New York Global Fair in 1940 had become a real (Cohen 1055). The topic focused on the transformation and reconstruction of American suburban life after the war from 1947 to 19991. In addition, it presents a clear picture of how American suburban population grew after some families opted to move out of town and start new life in suburban communities. The restructuring and reconfiguration of consumer marketplace led to transformation of suburban residential places. The article asserts that during the 1920, merchandisers and business people in America had desired to live in a motorized and developed society. After the war, this dream was changing into realty in the sense that as consumers became autonomous, they encountered new problems that one had predicted. For instance, every American used to drive a situation that caused traffic snarl up since developing towns had little pace to accommodate the increasing population (Cohen 1059). 20. Most Interesting Passage (single quotation of 100-300 words, plus page citation—or series of up to three shorter quotations, same aggregate word-count, plus page citation) plus a brief comment as to why this passage(s) is interesting to you It was interesting to learn that when planner and town developers dreamt to construct a consumer oriented center in 19950, they aimed to perfect the idea of downtown despite the fact that their project challenged the feasibility of existing commercial towns such as Hackensack in Bergen County (Cohen 1061). I found it interesting because it is not easy to imagine that during the

Behaviours and Responsibilities for Males and Females Essay

Behaviours and Responsibilities for Males and Females - Essay Example Personally, many of the things taught at home from the moment I was still young like how a man and a woman should act themselves in the society. Parents from the past are strongly adhering to the rules about gender, especially the religious ones for they tend to educate their children based on how their culture dictates the necessary things to do. For example, the culture in the past taught men and women that marriage should be for a man and a woman. There must be no such thing as marriage for same sex. However, this perspective has changed over time. Teaching about the things telling us that there should be no sexual relationship between people of the same sex was explicit to me. Nowadays, many of the people who claimed to be homosexuals may think that the rule in the past about marriage sounds unfair on their part. This is the reason why many of them nowadays are trying to establish another rule that would be able to give them freedom for their desire and so on. At some point, the rules in the past taught me how I should establish my life today. There are some consequences in being part of this rule, because after all, I found that I am being part of the society as a whole, where it matters a lot how the society defines what is good and what is bad. As an adult, it is easy now to understand what is good and bad, and to be explicit about it, there are some things that the society is trying to establish in each of us, but defying them would make someone deviant at some point. This is the reality of life. That is why, at some point, for as long as there is no harm that it can contribute to the society, being deviant, defying what is norm, makes me sometimes free to express myself at some point. That is my individuality, making me unique and someone different from the rest.

Boots entering china analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Boots entering china analysis - Research Paper Example The company is dedicated to the provision of quality healthcare and pharmaceutical products to the local community. The company manages its operation through synergies with other companies for the creation of wider opportunities (Bennett, 1988). The company introduces new packaging for its products regularly. Boots focuses on research and development that creates more channels of distribution. For instance, the company introduced online sales through mail orders and electronic commerce. The strategy is unique as it seeks to target new markets (Bradford & Lawrence, 2004). Product development creates a unique avenue for the company to make an introduction of new products into international markets. The strategy focuses on ensuring that the pharmaceutical products gain a greater international market share (Barell, 1990). The strategy involves the development of new methods in product improvement for the new markets. The company uses market diversification, in order, to branch with ease to other international markets. The company seeks to enter the Chinese market for diversification and the creation of new opportunities and pharmaceutical products (Managi & Kaneko, 2008). In the United Kingdom, pharmaceutical companies have led to the improvement of the health status. The country has invested in research and development of pharmaceutical products. This enables pharmaceutical firms, such as Boots, to rely on the reports of the research in the development of their products. The country also poses strict regulations that companies must adhere to before providing their products for either local or international consumption. The government has to test and approve that the products of Boots are fit for consumption. Most companies are in favor of less government influence on their activities. However, it is important for the firms to understand that the government

Issues in accounting for R&D investment - a perspective from the Dissertation

Issues in accounting for R&D investment - a perspective from the pharmaceutical industry - Dissertation Example The companies operating in the pharmaceutical industry spend millions of dollars each year in the research and development expenditure so that they are able to devise new methods and medicine that are able to cure and provide sustenance to the human body from deadly diseases. From the financial perspective, the research and development expenditure forms an integral part of the financial statements of any pharmaceutical company. Over the years, a debate has been going between the financial managers and the economists regarding the fact pertaining to the accounting treatment of the research and development expenditure in the financial statements of the pharmaceutical companies. ... This particular, in addition to providing a brief historical background of the R&D accounting treatments, highlights the following main R&D accounting issues and their most prudent accounting treatment in the financial statements of a pharmaceutical company: Goodwill accounting during merger and acquisition transaction between multinational Exchange of intangible assets with continuing involvement Upfront payments to conduct research with access to the research Payments made to conduct research Upfront payments received to conduct development: Interim recognition Upfront payments received to conduct development: Completion Donation payment for research Loans received to fund research and development purposes Segmental reporting of internal research and development Treatment of development supplies Advertising and promotional expenditure Accounting for the cost of free samples Line extension development costs The paper also presents the linkage between the research and development exp enditure and financial viability. For this purpose the last three financial years of AsteraZeneca is used. Introduction The top of the worldwide pharmaceutical market is the US and it is expected to hit almost $345 billion in 2014. The second largest market is the Japanese market and then the European market including Germany France, and Chinese market (Market line industry guide, 2012). However, the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers (IFPW) shows that growth rates in developed and developing markets based on their capability to recover from the economic crisis is significantly inconsistent. According to the research of Urch Publishing (2012), the global pharmaceutical industry in 2014 is expected to be worth over $1 trillion with a 5% compound annual growth

Movie Science Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Movie Science Paper - Essay Example The characters used their powers to help people and save the universe from destruction from evil people, especially one character, Victor Von Doom, who was once their friend, but turned evil. The film uses scientific terms and instruments that helps to understand the activities of the film. Some of the instruments used include the rocket ship, space suits, and space station. The film also includes scientists, astronauts and superheroes and uses scientific equipment that are technologically advanced. The activities of the film are centered in one place namely the Baxter building. The scientists converge here, and all the research and laboratory tests happen in this place. The building gives them a common place where all activities take place, and the characters give their ideas on different researches and tests that are conducted. One of the laboratory experiments conducted was aimed at restoring Ben’s body to its human form. This was because his change caused his fiancà © to leave him, and he feared and shunned by the residents of New York. The film also uses characters who are knowledgeable about science. These characters help in the operations that take place in the Baxter building. These characters identify when something is wrong and have the ability to solve any problems that may arise. They also help to guide supernatural characters in their activities of saving the

4 Paragraphs Essay Example for Free

4 Paragraphs Essay -My room is in a mess because I had a party with my best friends last night. I have to clean my room before my mom arrives from work. The underwear is hanging on the lamp, my books are all jammed in the closet, the scarf is beneath the TV and my shoe is under the bed. -We have the best cafeteria, they offer different type of foods, the food menu is so big it consists of Arabian, Indian, American, Mexican and Chinese food. They have a special Indian dish called â€Å"Chicken Tekka Masala† its a dish of roasted chicken chunks in a spicy sauce. Breakfast Burritos is a special Mexican food that contains Eggs, bacon, salsa, sour cream and cheddar cheese wrapped in a flour tortilla, hot sauce is optional. My favorite dish in the cafeteria menu is Shawarma, it’s an Arabian food made with chicken and bread. See more: Distinguish between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping Essay -David is a dangerous driver, I hate the way he drives the car, he either drive too slow or too fast. One day we were in the Himalayan mountains, he was behind the steering driving uphill, he was driving so fast we almost fell of the cliff. The way he brakes the car is so scary, it reminds me of how my grandmother drives. Neighbors are so important if they are willing to help you in time of need. My favorite neighbor is Mrs. Shirley , I remember the day when the government cut off our water, she was the first one there to help us, she even offered us to stay at her place. She is so generous and I like the way she hosts me.